科学服务人民--“十七年”时期中国科学家形象的建构与流变

"Science in the Service of the People":The Construction and Transformation of the Image of Chinese Scientists during the"Seventeen Years"

中华人民共和国“十七年”时期,中国科学家的事迹和形象在国家层面的宣传报道中获得丰富呈现,形成了极具时代特色的艺术化表达,体现了国家科学观与媒介宣传之间的互动关系。文章通过对主流报纸、画报、宣传画等图文材料的整理,并结合科技史料对“十七年”时期的中国科学家形象进行系统分析,发现科学家形象的呈现随人才政策的转变而逐步分化,其分化始终围绕“科学服务人民”的主流国家科学观展开,与国家科技事业的发展紧密呼应。科学家形象的展示承载了新中国科技发展的美好愿景,但是由于对科技人才工作的浅层理解,形象呈现趋于样板化和模式化。研究对于当下追溯科学家精神,选树榜样人物,做好主流宣传具有重要借鉴意义。

The image of Chinese scientists in the development of science and technology during the"17 years"of New China has been richly presented in national propaganda reports,forming artistic and content expressions that are highly characteristic of the times,reflecting the interaction between the national view of science and media propaganda.Through the collation of graphic materials such as mainstream newspapers,pictorials and posters,and the analysis of scientific and technological historical materials,the article extracts and systematically analyses the image of Chinese scientists during the"Seventeen Years"period,and finds that the presentation of the image of scientists gradually diverged with the transformation of talent policies,and can be divided into three periods.The differentiation always revolves around the mainstream national view of science as"science in the service of the people",which closely echoes the development of the national science and technology industry.The presentation of the image of the scientist carries a bright vision of the development of science and technology in the new China,but due to a superficial understanding of the work of scientific and technological talents,the image tends to be stereotyped and patterned.Through the analysis of the construction and changes of the image of scientists in this period,it is of great significance to trace the spirit of scientists,to select exemplary figures,to explore the typical charm and to do a good job of mainstream propaganda.