爆炸地冲击载荷计算方法综述

A surrey of explosion ground shock load calculation methods

爆炸地冲击是指地下或地面发生爆炸时由冲击波的压缩和推动作用引起的强烈地运动,与天然地震相比,具有幅值高、衰减快、频率高和持续时间短的特点。准确计算爆炸地冲击载荷,对隧道、核电站、人防工程等建筑在爆破施工、导弹攻击等极端环境下的动态响应分析与损伤评估十分重要。半个多世纪以来,国内外已经对爆炸地冲击载荷的计算开展了大量研究,本文对此进行了梳理和汇总,对比分析了爆炸地冲击峰值载荷的经验公式,归纳总结了爆炸地冲击反应谱的设计和时域过程的计算方法。通过总结和比较发现,建立关于爆炸地冲击载荷的广泛实验数据库和普遍适用的智能算法预测模型、开发高精度数值算法和岩土介质本构模型、以及构造符合爆炸冲击物理规律的功率谱和反应谱模型是未来研究的重要趋势。

Explosion ground shock refers to the strong ground motion caused by compression and promotion of the shock wave from underground or ground explosion,which having the characteristics of high amplitude,fast attenuation,high frequency and short duration compared with the natural earthquake.It is great important to precisely calculate the explosion ground shock load for dynamic response analysis and damage assessment of tunnel,nuclear power plant,civil air defense engineering and other buildings under extreme circumstances such as blast construction and missile attack.For more than half a century,a large number of researches have been carried out on calculation of explosion ground shock load in worldwide,which were reviewed and summarized in this paper.The empirical equations for estimating the load peak value of explosion ground shock were compared and analyzed,and the design methods of explosion ground shock response spectrum and the calculation methods for determining the time history of explosion ground shock were summed up.It is concluded that an important trend for future research is to establish extensive experimental databases and universally applicable intelligent algorithm prediction models for explosion ground shock,develop high-precision numerical algorithms and constitutive models of rock and soil,and construct the power spectrum and response spectrum models in accordance with the physical laws of explosion shock.