车辆碰撞中驾驶员手部主动响应对人体损伤的特性

Characteristics on the active response of driver's hand on the human injury in vehicle crashes

研究了车辆碰撞环境下驾驶员手部在方向盘上的主动响应及对人体损伤的影响,以便对于人体损伤标准完善及车辆安全防护设计,提供参考数据。将假人手部结构重建,使手部具备抓握能力。利用关节约束力矩模拟抓握力,设置手部具有抓握力及抓握方向盘不同位置的仿真模型,计算获得假人各部位损伤数值,与标准假人损伤对比。结果显示:抓握状态下,头部伤害指标(HIC)峰值增加37.5%,颈部伸张力矩最大值减少22.3%,胸部压缩量最大值减少3%,大腿压缩力峰值减少36.5%。将方向盘划分为表盘的位置方位,手部位置在11点和4点方位时,头部HIC峰值最大;手部位置在8点和4点方位时,胸部压缩量和大腿压缩力峰值最大。碰撞中驾驶员手部主动响应对人体损伤影响较大。

The active response of the driver's hand on the steering wheel in a vehicle crash environment and the effect on human injury were investigated to provide reference data for the improvement of human injury standards and the design of vehicle safety protection.The hand structure of the dummy was reconstructed so that the hand had the ability to grasp.Using the joint constraint moment to simulate the gripping force,researchers set up the simulation model of the hand with gripping force and different positions of the steering wheel,and calculated the damage values of each part of the dummy,and compared them with the damage of the standard dummy.The results show that in the gripping condition,the peak value of head injury criterion(HIC)increases by 37.5%,the maximum value of neck extension moment decreases by 22.3%,the maximum value of chest compression decreases by 3%,and the peak value of thigh compression force decreases by 36.5%.Dividing the steering wheel into positional azimuths of the dial,the peak head HIC is greatest when the hand position is in the 11 o'clock and 4 o'clock azimuth,and the peak chest compression and thigh compression forces are greatest when the hand position is in the 8 o'clock and 4 o'clock azimuth.The active response of the driver's hand in a collision is a major influence on human damage.