由“生活世界”的趣舍综观中西哲学之根本差别

The Fundamental Differences Between Chinese and Western Philosophies Through a Holistic Interest-Oriented Examination of the"Life World"

根据中西哲学对“生活世界”的趣舍--对生活世界的守护或贬黜--来概括其本质特征,可以更加集中也更加充分地表明:中西哲学在其开端性决断上的根本差别,如何贯穿于并且支配着两种哲学全然不同的历史性行程。对生活世界的贬黜与敌视植根于形而上学的基本建制中,亦即植根于超感性世界和感性世界的分割-对立中;立足于道器不割、体用不二的哲学建制从根本上决定了对生活世界的切近与守护;正是由于立足于这样一种非形而上学的哲学建制,整个中国哲学表现为对生活世界的居有与守护。此外,在西方哲学已经开展出来的“自我批判”中,形而上学的历史性解体伴随着生命哲学的积极开启--意识到并且深思这一重大转折,对于把握中国哲学的非形而上学性质来说,具有极其重要的启示意义。因此,对“生活世界”的趣舍,不仅能够成为标识中西哲学判然两途的分水岭,而且由于它特别地切近于两类哲学植根其中的基本建制,所以该主题的阐明对于中西哲学之根本差别的整全理解来说,具有总体上的概括作用和统摄意义。

This paper goes on to summarize the essential features of Chinese and Western philosophies according to the different aspects of interest in the"Life World"-their guardianship or eviction of the"Life world"-so as to demonstrate the following in a more concentrated and fuller manner:how the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western philosophies in terms of their initial decisions have informed and defined the two philosophies'radically different historical journeys.The main points examined in this paper are:(1)the depreciation of and the hostility to the"Life World"are rooted in the basic metaphysical structure,that is,in the division-opposition between the super-sensible and sensible worlds;(2)the philosophical establishment based on the inextricability of the Dao and Qi,the non-duality of Ti and Yong,fundamentally determines the closeness to and guardianship of the"Life World";(3)it is precisely due to this non-metaphysical philosophical structure that the whole of Chinese philosophy manifests itself as a dwelling and guardian of the"Life World';(4)in the course of""self-criticism"'carried out in Western philosophy,the historical dissolution of metaphysics has been accompanied by the positive opening of the philosophy of life-realizing and pondering over this major transition is extremely important for grasping the non-metaphysical nature of Chinese philosophy.Thus,not only can the interest in the"Life World"be a watershed that identifies the two paths of Chinese and Western philosophies,but because of the fact that it is particularly close to the structure in which the two philosophies are rooted,the elucidation of this theme will have a general and unifying significance for the overall understanding of the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western philosophies.