燕行使者视域下清代东北地区文化交流的认知变迁

Cognitive Changes of Cultural Exchanges in Northeastern China during the Qing Dynasty in the Perspective of Joseon Envoys to Yenching

清代燕行使者在东北地区开展的文化交流成为中国与朝鲜半岛交往的重要内容。燕行使者在清代东北地区文化交流活动集中于政治制度、市肆商业经济、文学艺术及医药等不同形式的文化交流,全方位再现了清代东北地区物质文化、制度文化和精神文化样态。从“小中华”意识到北学思想的影响,中朝两国之间交往活动的主客关系不断发生变化,进而导致文化交流认知上存在较大的偏差。结合域外的全新视角审视东北地区的文化交流,可以揭示文化交流背后的文化心态及社会变迁,呈现不同文化碰撞和融合下清代东北社会文化从单一封闭到多元互动、从排斥反抗到融合共生的发展过程。

The cultural exchanges carried out in the northeastern region by the Joseon envoys to Yenching in the Qing Dynasty have become an important part of the interaction between China and the Korean Peninsula.The relative cultural exchanges focused on different forms of cultural observation and interaction,such as political system,commercial economy of marketplaces,literature,art and medicine,and they reproduced the material,institutional and spiritual culture of the northeastern region in the Qing Dynasty in an all-round way.From the consciousness of“Little China”to the influence of the Northern Learning Ideology,the subject-object relationship between the two countries has changed,leading to a large deviation in the perception of cultural exchanges.The study examines the cultural exchanges in the Northeast region from a new perspective,reveals the cultural mentality and social changes behind the cultural exchanges,and presents the development process of the Northeast society and culture in the Qing Dynasty from monolithic closure to diversified interactions and from rejection and resistance to integration and coexistence under the collision and fusion of different cultures.