“恨”与“风流”:韩国传统美学的两大范畴

“Hatred”and“Fengliu(a Kind of Romance)”:Two Categories of Traditional Korean Aesthetics

韩国古典美学中的各种概念和范畴,包括“文以载道”“性灵说”“神韵论”等都是借用中国美学的概念和范畴,这是中国文学在中世纪东亚具有的独特的历史地位所决定的。但是,韩国也有民族特色比较鲜明的美学概念和范畴,其中最具代表性的是“恨”和“风流”。“恨”作为弱者和弱小群体的审美心理形式,以韩国民间艺术为中心绵绵流淌在韩国文学深层,显现出了鲜明的大众化和民族性的特征;“风流”作为贵族和士大夫阶层的审美心理形式,被反映在以汉文学为中心的中世纪各种艺术形式中,具有温文尔雅的美学特征。

Various concepts and categories in Korean classical aesthetics,including“literature is for conveying truth,”“the theory of natural wit,”and“theory of romantic charm,”were borrowed from Chinese aesthetics.This is determined by the unique historical position of Chinese literature in medieval East Asia.However,Korea also has its own aesthetic concepts and categories with strong national characteristics,among which the most distinctive and important ones are“hatred”and“fengliu(a kind of romance)”.“Hatred”as an aesthetic psychological form of the weak and the small groups,is centered on Korean folk art and flows in the deeper layers of Korean literature,showing the distinctive characteristics of popularization and ethnicity;while“fengliu”as an aesthetic psychological form of the aristocrats and the scholarly class,is reflected in various forms of art in the Middle Ages which are centered on Han literature,showing the aesthetic characteristic of gentleness and elegance.