自走式藜麦联合收割机设计及试验

Design and experiments of self⁃propelled quinoa combine harvester

为提高藜麦机械化收获水平,解决普通谷物联合收割机收获时损失大、含杂高、喂入不畅等问题,针对收获期藜麦植株特性设计了一种大型自走式藜麦联合收割机。该机采用扩口式小行距链齿喂入割台、组合式纵轴流脱粒滚筒、专用编织筛凹板、双层往复式异向振动筛等装置,配合宽体过桥、脱粒滚筒无级变速和大脱分空间等设计实现了藜麦的顺畅喂入和高效脱粒分离,对关键部件进行了设计分析,并进行了田间试验。田间试验结果表明:当藜麦籽粒含水率为14.42%时,脱净率为96.83%、含杂率为4.41%、破损率为0.2%、割台损失率为1.14%、夹带损失率为1.73%,清选损失率为1.09%、飞溅损失率为0.16%、总损失率为4.13%;作业期间机具运行平稳,满足藜麦机械化收获要求。本文研究成果可为藜麦联合收割机设计及试验提供一定参考。

To improve the mechanization harvesting level of quinoa and solve the problems of a significant loss rate,high impurity rate,and poor feeding during harvesting of ordinary rice-wheat combine harvester,according to the characteristics of quinoa plants during the harvesting period,a sizeable self-propelled quinoa combine harvester was designed.The machine used flaring type small row spacing chain teeth feeding into the header,combined longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinder,unique woven screen concave,double reciprocating vibrating screen and other devices,cooperation wide bridge,threshing cylinder CVT regulation,and excellent space design to realize the smooth quinoa feeding and efficient threshing separation.Critical components for the design were analyzed,and a field experiment was carried out.The results of the field experiment showed that when the water content of quinoa grain was 14.42%,the threshing rate was 96.83%,the impurity rate was 4.41%,the damage rate was 0.2%,the header loss rate was 1.14%,the entrainment loss rate was 1.73%,the cleaning loss rate was 1.09%,the splash loss rate was 0.16%,the total loss rate was 4.13%.During the experiment,the machine runs smoothly and meets the mechanical harvesting of quinoa.This paper can provide some reference for the design and test of quinoa combine harvester.