基于有机小分子的汞离子荧光探针研究进展

Research Progress in Mercury Ion Fluorescence Probes Based on Organic Small Molecules

汞具有很强的生物毒性,会对人类的健康和环境造成极大危害.荧光探针具有高灵敏度、高选择性、可实时监测等优点,近年来在汞离子检测中广泛应用.由于小分子具有结构多样性、重复性好、易修饰、感应机制清晰等优点,目前许多检测汞离子的有机小分子荧光探针也已经被开发出来.根据探针与汞离子反应机制的不同,将其分为基于配位型反应和基于断键型反应两类,重点综述了近五年来用于检测汞离子的有机小分子荧光探针的研究进展.展望未来,利用特征性反应开发“Turn On”型的反应性探针,将是检测汞离子的有机小分子荧光探针研究中的重点方向.

Mercury has strong biological toxicity and poses great harm to human health and the environment. Fluorescent probes have been widely applied in the detection of mercury ion in recent years, due to these probes with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and real-time monitoring. Owing to the advantages of small molecules such as structural diversity, good repeatability, easy modification, and clear sensing mechanisms, many organic small molecular fluorescence probes for detecting mercury ion have also been developed. According to the different reaction mechanisms between probes and mercury ion, these organic small molecular fluorescence probes can be classified into two categories based on coordination type reactions and bond breaking type reactions. The research progress of organic small molecular fluorescence probes used to detect mercury ion in the past five years is summarized in detail. This provides a reference for their further development in the future, especially for the new turn-on type reactive organic small molecular fluorescence probes for detecting mercury ion by utilizing the characteristic reactions.