2022年重庆市大足区60岁及以上居家老年人基础性日常生活活动能力失能现状及相关因素分析

Analysis on the status quo and related factors of disability in basic activities of daily living among home-dwelling elderly aged 60 years and above in Dazu District of Chongqing in 2022

目的分析重庆市大足区60岁及以上居家老年人基础性日常生活活动能力失能现状及相关因素,为制定预防政策和干预措施提供参考依据。方法2022年在重庆市大足区4个镇/街道,采用多阶段整群随机和概率比例规模抽样法选择596名60岁及以上非集中居住的常住居民,以国家统计局2022年最新发布的中国老年人健康素养调查问卷(卫健统116表)为基础,利用基础性日常生活活动能力量表(basic activities of dailyliving,BADL)进行老年人失能情况调查。不同人群失能率采用χ2检验进行比较,相关因素探索采用逐步后退的Logistic回归分析,数据采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2022年共计调查596人,平均年龄为(71.69±6.03)岁,BADL失能率为6.71%,6类失能情况由高至低依次为洗澡(4.36%)、穿衣(3.86%)、上厕所(3.86%)、室内活动(3.69%)、吃饭(3.36%)和控制大小便(3.02%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄在80岁及以上(OR=2.779,95%CI:1.374~5.620)、患有肿瘤(OR=43.428,95%CI:2.792~675.394)、患有帕金森病(OR=33.774,95%CI:1.682~678.210)、最近1年发生过跌倒(OR=3.684,95%CI:1.543~8.792)与老年人BADL失能呈正相关;最近1年做过健康体检(OR=0.430,95%CI:0.190~0.973)与老年人BADL失能呈负相关。结论重庆市大足区60岁及以上居家老年人基础性日常生活活动能力失能率高,应重点针对高龄老年人,开展定期体检,加强老年病、慢性病和跌倒的预防及干预措施,减少或延缓失能发生。

Objective To analyze the status quo and related factors of disability in basic activities of daily living among home-dwelling elderly aged 60 years and above in Dazu District of Chongqing,and to provide reference basis for formulating prevention policies and intervention measures.Methods In 2022,a total of 596 non-centralized permanent residents aged 60 and above were selected from 4 towns/streets in Dazu District of Chongqing by multi-stage cluster random and probability proportional scale sampling methods.Based on the latest Chinese Elderly Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire(Health Statistics 116)released by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2022,the disability status of the elderly was investigated by the Basic Activities of Daily Living(BADL).The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 25.0,and the disability rates of different populations were compared by Chi-square test.The relevant factors were analyzed by stepwise Logistic regression analysis.And P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 596 people were investigated,with an average age of(71.69±6.03)yearsold.The disability rate of BADL was 6.71%.The top six disability situations from high to low were:bathing(4.36%),dressing(3.86%),going to the toilet(3.86%),indoor activities(3.69%),eating(3.36%)and controlling urination and defecation(3.02%).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients aged 80 years and above(OR=2.779,95%CI:1.374-5.620),had tumors(OR=43.428,95%CI:2.792-675.394),had Parkinson’s disease(OR=33.774,95%CI:1.682-678.210),and had a fall in the last year(OR=3.684,95%CI:1.543-8.792)were positively correlated with BADL disability in the elderly.Had a health examination in the last year(OR=0.430,95%CI:0.190-0.973)was negatively correlated with BADL disability in the elderly.Conclusions The disability rate of basic activities of daily living in the elderly aged 60 years and above living at home in Dazu District of Chongqing was high.Priority should be given to the elderly with high age.Regular physical examinations should be carried out.Prevention and intervention measures for geriatric diseases,chronic diseases and falls should be strengthened to reduce or delay the occurrence of disability.