2021年常州市武进区11554名电焊烟尘作业人员健康状况调查

Investigation on health status of 11554 welding fume workers in Wujin District of Changzhou City in 2021

目的研究接触电焊烟尘对人体健康状况的影响,为预防和控制接触电焊烟尘人员发生职业病或职业损害提供技术支撑和相关依据。方法在江苏省职业病防治信息管理平台上抽取2021年度常州市武进区接触电焊烟尘的11554名劳动者及其相关职业健康检查结果,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果异常人数共106人,其中职业禁忌证人数为98人,疑似职业病人数为8人,异常率为0.92%;其中制造业、建筑业和服务业、其他行业的异常率分别为1.03%、1.50%、0.64%和0.45%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.051,P=0.007);大、中、小和微型企业规模职工职业健康检查异常率分别为0.51%、0.44%、1.12%和1.14%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.739,P=0.008),男性劳动者异常率(1.18%)明显高于女性(0.33%)(χ^(2)=19.401,P<0.001);随着年龄的递增,异常率逐渐攀升(χ^(2)趋势=15.787,P<0.001);随着从业人员工龄的增加异常率逐渐升高(χ^(2)趋势=21.136,P<0.001)。结论长期从事电焊烟尘及其相关作业的劳动者其职业健康检查异常率会随着劳动者年龄的递增而升高,且从业者接触电焊烟尘工龄越长,发生职业健康检查异常的可能性也越高,对接触电焊烟尘的企业要加强职业宣教和监督,对接触电焊烟尘作业人员的职业健康要更加重视,防患于未然。

Objective To study the influence of exposure to welding fume on human health,and to provide technical support and relevant basis for preventing and controlling occupational disease or occupational injury of people exposed to welding fume.Methods About 11554 workers who were exposed to welding fume in Wujin District of Changzhou in 2021 and their related occupational health examination were selected from Jiangsu Occupational Disease Prevention Information Management Platform,and for the results,χ^(2) test was performed to compare the rates,the difference P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There were 106 abnormal persons,including 98 persons with occupational contraindications and 8 persons were suspected of occupational diseases,with an abnormal rate of 0.92%.The anomaly rates of manufacturing,construction,service and other industries were 1.03%,1.50%,0.64%and 0.45%respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.051,P=0.007).The abnormal rates of large,medium,small and micro enterprises were 0.51%,0.44%,1.12%and 1.14%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.739,P=0.008).The abnormal rate of male workers(1.18%)was significantly higher than that of female workers(0.33%)(χ^(2)=19.401,P<0.001);The rate of abnormalities gradually increases with age(χ^(2) trend=15.787,P<0.001);The abnormal rate increases gradually with the increase of working years(χ^(2) trend=21.136,P<0.001).Conclusions The abnormal rate of workers who have been engaged in welding fume and related operations for a long time will increase with the age of workers.Meanwhile,the longer the workers have been exposed to welding fume,the higher the possibility of abnormal rate.Enterprises exposed to welding fume should strengthen the occupational education and supervision,and pay more attention to the occupational health of workers exposed to welding fume to prevent it from happening.