宋代屠户研究

A Study on Butchers in the Song Dynasty

以屠宰作为生活来源的社会群体称为屠户。宋代的屠宰群体已发展成为专门的行户,这在宋以前十分罕见。根据其社会属性,宋代屠户可以分为官方屠户和民间屠户;根据其经营范围,宋代屠户可以分为专职屠户和兼业屠户。宋代官方屠户主要服务于政府需求,民间屠户则主要针对市场需求,兼营科买和祭祀。宋政府对民间屠户的管理包括户籍管理、户等划分、行政管理和经济管理。宋代以前屠户社会地位低下,没有择业自主权,宋代屠户则可以改变自己的职业。屠宰专业户在宋代社会生活中占有重要地位。

The butcher in the Song Dynasty has developed into a profession,which was very rare before the Song Dynasty.According to their social attributes,butchers in the Song Dynasty can be divided into official butchers and folk butchers.According to their business scope,there are full-time butchers and part-time butchers.Official butchers in the Song Dynasty mainly serve the government demand,while folk butchers target the market demand.The management of folk butchers by the Song government includes household registration management,household classification,administrative management,and economic management.Unlike butchers before the Song Dynasty who have a low social position and have no profession autonomy,butchers in the Song Dynasty occupy an important social position and have the freedom of changing their profession.