从私法到公法:数字时代隐私权保护的模式延展

From Private Law to Public law:the Extension of Privacy Protection Mode in Digital Age

随着数字时代的来临,政府开始成为收集和利用公民信息的最大主体,公民隐私权遭到公权侵犯的风险随之加大,因此隐私权的公法保护模式逐步呈现和凸显。隐私权公法保护的本质,是要求国家在社会公共利益和公民个人隐私利益之间作出必要衡平。这种衡平需要从隐私权的效力位阶层级、公民隐私信息的价值指向以及公民的身份等三个维度来具体展开,因为这三个维度共同决定了个人隐私利益在何种程度上应当退让于社会公共利益。在区分和考量上述三个维度的基础上,可以通过设置绝对公法保护模式、严格公法保护模式、一般公法保护模式和弱公法保护模式等四种不同模式来展开对公民隐私权的公法保护。

With the advent of the digital era,the government has become the largest subject of collecting and using citizen information,and the risk of citizens'privacy being infringed on by public power is increasing.Therefore,the public-law protection mode of the right of privacy is gradually presented and highlighted.The essence of the public-law protection of the right of privacy is to require the state to make a necessary balance between the social public interests and the citizens'individual interest in privacy.Such balance needs to be carried out in three dimensions,namely the hierarchy of the right privacy,the value orientation of citizens'private information,and the identity of citizens,because these three dimensions jointly determine to what extent individual interests in privacy should give way to social public interests.On the basis of distinguishing and considering the above three dimensions,it is advisable to set up such four different modes of public-law protection of citizen's right of privacy as absolute public-law protection mode,strict public-law protection mode,general public-law protection mode and weak public-law protection mode.