通过网络平台专有权实现对企业数据权益的保护

On the Realization of Enterprises Data Protection by the Proprietary Right of Internet Platforms

在网络与大数据技术中,将数据直接作为权利客体的数据所有权主张、数据知识产权主张、数据用益权主张和网络用户对数据享有初始所有权的主张,都因为数据的不可感知、不可控制和不可公示等特点而无法实现,应当将数据的载体即应用程序所运行和控制的网络平台作为数据财产权的直接客体。通过网络平台专有权来保护其内部数据,网络平台专有权的权利主体是构建、运营和控制网络平台的网络企业,权利内容包括对网络平台中的数据的控制、使用、收益和处分的权利,权利性质是财产性的支配权。网络平台专有权受到数据中其他法益(主要是公共利益以及数据所含信息中的民事权益)的限制。将网络平台作为数据赋权的直接客体,使得网络安全法、数据安全法和个人信息保护法等相关法律联系在一起,成为具有逻辑性和内在统一性的保护和利用数据的完整法律体系。

In internet and big data technology environment,the view of data ownership and the view of data intellectual property right and the view of data usage right,all of which directly regard data as the object of right,and the view that internet users enjoy initial ownership over data,cannot be realized because of characteristics of data such as the intangibility,uncontrollability and unpublicizablility,thus the data carrier,namely the platform which operates and controls the apps,should be regarded as the direct object of data property right.The internal data is protected by the proprietary right of the internet platform,and the subject of this right is the internet enterprise which builds,operates and controls the internet platform,and the content of such right include the right of control,usage,benefit and disposal of data in the internet platform,and the nature of such right is property-involved dominating right.The proprietary right of the internet platform is limited by other legal interests of data(mainly public interests and civil interests of information included in data).It is advisable to regard the platform as the direct object of data right,thus connecting cybersecurity law,data security law and personal information protection law and other relevant laws and forming a complete legal system on data protection and exploitation which is logic and internally consistent.