妊娠中晚期便秘孕妇饮食及疾病知识水平现状调查

Investigation on the Status of Diet and Disease Knowledge Level of Pregnant Women with Constipation in Middle and Later Pregnant

目的 探讨妊娠中晚期便秘孕妇饮食及疾病知识水平现状。方法 选取2020年8月至2021年9月在河南省第二人民医院就诊的420例便秘孕妇作为研究对象。应用一般资料调查表、孕期便秘知识问卷、妊娠中晚期孕妇饮食现状调查表和妊娠期养分学问调查问卷对妊娠中晚期便秘孕妇的基本资料、便秘知识掌握情况、饮食现状和养分学问知晓率情况进行调查。结果 420例妊娠中晚期便秘孕妇便秘知识问卷分数为(11.53±1.72)分,其中及格180名(42.85%),不及格240名(57.14%);进食最营养、最多的餐次中午餐占比最高,为49.05%、50.71%,常吃的主食为谷类(73.10%),最喜欢的饮食口味为偏辣(40.00%),最喜欢的烹饪方式为炒(47.14%),常用的食用油是菜籽油(67.86%),最喜欢的食物是肉类(46.19%),且每日餐次≤3次和>3次的占比分别为41.90%、58.10%;420例妊娠中晚期便秘孕妇中,孕期饮食的主要调整依据、钙的最佳食物来源的知晓率<50%,且<40%患者知道孕13周后摄入水产品的最佳频率、每日应摄入的牛奶量、食盐量、钙片的正确应用方法、体重指数,仅有6.90%知晓孕早期谷类最低摄入量。结论 妊娠中晚期便秘孕妇饮食结构欠合理,且对便秘和营养学相关知识的掌握程度不高,在后续孕期便秘的临床防治工作中,应加强对妊娠期女性便秘和营养学相关知识的健康教育,指导孕妇养成良好的饮食习惯,降低便秘发生风险。

Objective To explore the status of diet and disease knowledge of pregnant women with constipation in middle and later pregnant.Methods A total of 420 pregnant women with constipation who visited the Second People’s Hospital of Henan Province from August 2020 to September 2021 were selected as subjects.The basic information,knowledge of constipation,diet status and nutrient knowledge of pregnant women in middle and later pregnant were investigated by general data questionnaire,constipation knowledge questionnaire,diet status and nutrient knowledge awareness rate.Results The score of the constipation knowledge questionnaire of 420 pregnant women with constipation in middle and later pregnant was(11.53±1.72),among which 180(42.85%)passed and 240(57.14%)failed.Lunch accounted for the highest proportion of the most nutritious and meals consumed,which was 49.05%and 50.71%,respectively.The staple food eaten frequently was cereal(73.10%),the favorite food taste was spicy(40.00%),the favorite cooking method was fried(47.14%),and the most commonly used edible oil was rapeseed oil(67.86%).Meat(46.19%)was the most preferred food,and 41.90%of those who ate less than three meals a day and 58.10%of those who ate more than three meals a day.Among 420 pregnant women with constipation in middle and later pregnant,less than 50%knew the main dietary adjustment basis,the best food source of calcium during pregnancy,and less than 40%knew the optimal frequency of intake of aquatic products after 13 weeks of gestation,the daily intake of milk,salt,the correct application of calcium tablets and body mass index.Only 6.90%knew the minimum intake of cereals in the first trimester.Conclusion The diet structure of pregnant women with constipation in middle and later pregnant is not reasonable,and the knowledge of constipation and nutrition is not high.In the follow-up clinical prevention and treatment of constipation during pregnancy,the health education of constipation and nutrition-related knowledge of pregnant women should be strengthened,so as to guide pregnant women to develop good eating habits and reduce the risk of secret occurrence.