银行业空间演化与企业数字化转型——基于集聚经济与金融供给地理结构的微观证据

Spatial Evolution of the Banking Sector and the Digital Transformation of Firms:The Agglomeration Economy and Geography of Financial Supply

聚焦金融供给地理结构视角,利用Python软件爬取经纬度信息构造企业层面邻近银行分支机构数据,实证检验银行空间集聚演化对企业数字化转型的影响及其内在机理。研究结果表明,企业周边银行分支机构集聚能够显著促进企业数字化转型,其原因在于银行集聚能够提高银企间数字信贷配置效率与企业融资能力,增加数字化投资和数字创新产出。异质性分析发现,成长型与成熟型企业、民营企业、低股权融资企业,以及技术密集型企业、产业链下游企业的数字化转型更加受益于银行空间集聚演化,同时,区域知识产权保护强化能为该过程实现提供制度保障。此外,银行“进入-退出”流动能够促进资源有效配置,有助于推动企业数字化转型,并且该效应在国有银行和股份制银行中更为明显。研究结论能为深化金融供给侧结构性改革及精准施策赋能企业数字化转型提供参考。

With a focus on the geography of financial supply,this study crawled latitudinal and longitudinal data using Python and developed the data of adjacent bank branches at the firm level to empirically test the impact of the evolution of the spatial agglomeration of banks on the digital transformation of firms and the mechanism behind that impact.According to the results of this study,the agglomeration of bank branches around firms can significantly promote digital transformation among firms by improving the efficiency of digital credit allocation between banks and firms and firms'ability to raise funds;it can also increase digital investments and digital innovation output.A heterogeneity study showed that digital transformation among growing and mature firms,private firms,firms with low equity financing,technology-intensive firms,and downstream firms in the industry chain benefit more from the evolution of the spatial agglomeration of banks,while the strengthening of regional intellectual property protection can provide institutional protection for the realization of this process.In addition,the“entry-exit”flow of banks can facilitate the efficient allocation of resources and help drive digital transformation among firms,with this effect being more pronounced among state-owned banks and joint-stock banks.The conclusions of this study can serve as a reference for deepening structural reform on the financial supply side and implementing measures to empower digital transformation among firms.