碲的地球化学与碲资源研究现状

Status of researches on the geochemistry of tellurium and tellurium resources

碲是战略性关键矿产。碲独特的地球化学性质,使碲元素及其同位素有望为多种地球化学和宇宙化学过程提供重要信息。本文综述了碲的物理和化学性质、碲矿物学、各储库碲含量、陆地和海洋碲资源以及碲同位素地球化学等方面的研究现状。地壳中碲丰度很低,但碲矿物数量多,主要为自然碲、碲化物、碲硫(硒)化物、碲氧化物和含氧盐。碲在大洋结核和结壳、陆地富碲矿床及富有机质沉积物中含量较高。浅成低温热液矿床、造山型金矿、火山成因块状硫化物矿床等热液成因矿床和岩浆铜镍铂族硫化物矿床是重要的陆地富碲矿床类型。大洋结核和结壳中的碲达到了碲矿床的富集程度,且蕴含的碲资源量远超过陆地碲资源量。与球粒陨石相比,地球物质也存在显著的碲同位素分馏,碲同位素地球化学在陆地和海洋碲资源研究中已得到初步应用。

Tellurium is a strategic critical metal resource.Tellurium and its isotopes are expected to provide salient information for a variety of geochemical and cosmochemical processes due to its unique geochemical properties.In this paper,we have systematically reviewed the status of researches on Tellurium physical and chemical properties,Te mineralogy,Te concentrations in different reservoirs,terrestrial and marine Te resources,and Te isotopic geochemistry.Te abundance in the earth's crust is very low,but Te minerals in the crust are abundant.Te minerals mainly include native tellurium,tellurides,tellurium sulfide(selenium)compounds,Te oxides and Te oxysalts.Marine Fe-Mn nodules and crusts,terrestrial Te-rich ore deposits and organic-rich sediments generally have relatively high Te contents.Foremost land-based Te-rich ore deposits include the magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits and hydrothermal deposits such as epithermal deposits,orogenic gold deposits,VMS deposits,etc.The marine Fe-Mn nodules and crusts have relatively high Te contents evidently reaching up to the enrichment degree of the Te deposit with the amount of contained Te resource far exceeding to the quantity of terrestrial Te resource.Compared with chondrites,there is also significant Te isotopic fractionation in materials of the Earth.Te isotopic geochemistry has been preliminarily applied in researches of terrestrial and marine Te resources.