蒸汽闪爆对棉纤维结构及性能的影响

Effect of steam explosion on structure and property of cotton fibers

针对以烧碱为煮练剂去除棉蜡的传统方法会消耗大量的化学药品,同时产生大量废水的问题,采用蒸汽闪爆的方法去除原棉纤维表面蜡脂,研究蒸汽闪爆前后棉纤维的吸水量变化及染色性能,以证明其可行性。采用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法系统分析蒸汽闪爆处理样品的化学结构和形态变化,对闪爆前后的棉纤维进行强力测试。研究结果表明:经蒸汽闪爆后,棉纤维表面形成排列整齐的沟壑,其强力较原棉纤维有所下降;经2.0 MPa、保压时间80 s闪爆处理后,棉纤维的吸水性能显著改善,吸水时间为4.37 s,吸水量为24.01 g/g。

In response to the traditional method of using caustic soda as a scouring agent to remove cotton wax,which consumes a large amount of chemicals and generates a large amount of wastewater,a steam flash explosion method is used to remove wax and grease on the surface of raw cotton fibers.The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by studying the changes in water absorption and dyeing performance of cotton fiber before and after steam flash explosion.By means of FTIR and SEM,the chemical structure and morphological changes of the samples treated with steam flash are systematically analyzed,and the strength of cotton fibers before and after flash is tested.The results show that the surface of cotton fiber will form neatly arranged furrows after steam flash,and the strength of cotton fiber is lower than that of raw cotton fiber.After flash explosion treatment at 2.0 MPa for 80 s,the water absorption performance of cotton fibers is significantly improved,with a water absorption time of 4.37 s and a water absorption capacity of 24.01 g/g.