二战前后日本知识界的思想转向及其反思

The Conversion and Reflection of Japanese Intellectuals before and after World War II

一战后,在日本国内外形势的变化下,日本社会暴露出各种问题,并出现民主主义、社会主义、法西斯主义三股政治思潮。20世纪20年代,民主势力达到高峰,但也完全暴露出自身的弊端。法西斯势力联合民主势力,在击败社会主义势力后,又压制民主势力,掌握了国家发展道路的主导权。在此背景下,知识界出现两次大规模的思想转向。转向者不仅在转向后进行自我反思,而且在二战后再次反思当时的转向行为。在日本走上法西斯主义道路时,“转向”既是一种个人的选择,也是一种社会的集团现象,还是国家道路转变的一个缩影。对思想转向的研究,有助于更好地理解日本知识分子的思考模式与国家前途的相关性。

After World War I,various problems were exposed in Japanese society,and Democracy,Socialism and Fascism emerged as three political forces.In the 1920s,the democratic forces reached their peak,but they also fully exposed their own shortcomings.The fascist forces first united with the democratic forces and de-feated the socialist forces.Then the fascist forces suppressed the democratic forces and took lead of Japan.Against this background,two large-scale conversions(tenko)occurred among intellectuals.The converted intellectuals not only reflected on the conversion during the converting process,but also reflected conversion again after World War Il."Conversion"is not only a personal choice for intellectuals,but also a social phe-nomenon as well as a microcosm of the national road change.A study of ideological conversion will help to better understand the relevance of intellectuals'thinking patterns to the future of the country.