关于智慧农业的理论思考:发展模式、潜在问题与推进策略

Theoretical Thinking on Smart Agriculture :Development Modes, Potential Problems, and Promotion Measures

我国智慧农业主要表现为农业企业自主型、加工流通企业带动型、专业化服务企业主导型、数字化农机企业主导型和农技推广体系依托型五类发展模式,不同模式协同发展构成广覆盖、多层次的智慧农业体系。在要素配置上,智慧农业可以促进农业生产方式与要素供给关系的匹配,促进产出增长与环境可持续的协同;在组织结构上,智慧农业促使更多主体参与到农业分工合作网络中并实现更紧密合作,促进创新体系与农业产业的融合;在产业绩效上,智慧农业可以促进农业效率提升、产出增长及农产品价值与功能的提升。目前,智慧农业面临传统农户与现代生产方式、数据价值显性化与数据利用专业化、低增值与高投资等矛盾而导致的不均衡发展问题。为加快智慧农业发展,应推动智慧农业技术的创新和供给;分类施策,促进不同智慧模式协同发展;依托智慧农业,加快农业生产体系、产业体系、经营体系现代化建设;加强数字标准建设和数字安全治理。

China's smart agriculture mainly develops in five modes:self-directed development of agricultural enterprises,development driven by processing and circulation enterprises,development led by professional service enterprises,development led by digital agricultural machinery enterprises,and development depending on agro-technique promotion system.Different development modes collaborate with each other,forming a smart agriculture system characterized by wide coverage and multiple layers.In terms of the allocation of production factors,smart agriculture can promote the matching between agricultural production modes and the supply of production factors and improve the coordination between output growth and environmental sustainability.In terms of organizational structure,smart agriculture encourages more entities to participate in the agricultural labor division and cooperation network for collaboration,promoting the integration of innovation system with agricultural industry.In terms of industrial performance,smart agriculture improves agricultural efficiency,output,and the values and functions of agricultural products.Currently,smart agriculture faces the problem of imbalanced development caused by contradictions between traditional farmers and modern production methods,between dominant data values and specialized data utilization,and between low value-added and high input.To accelerate the progress in smart agriculture,efforts should be made to promote the innovation and supply of smart agricultural technology.Classified policies should be implemented to promote the coordination between different development modes of smart agriculture.Relying on the development of smart agriculture,the modernization of agricultural production system,industrial system,and management system should be accelerated.In addition,the digital standards and digital security governance should be built up.