组分动态网络触发的杂交链式反应——超灵敏检测肿瘤标志物

Hybrid chain reaction triggered by component dynamic networks--supersensitive detection of tumor markers of mirRNA

目前肿瘤在发病前期,某些生物分子的表达水平可能出现上调或下调,但是含量仍处于微量或痕量状态,干扰物的存在很难实现对于微小变化肿瘤标志物(mirRNA)的准确检测,需要构建高灵敏、高准确度、高特异性的检测方法实现对微小变化目标物的有效溯源。常规的荧光生物传感器可以选择性地识别不同浓度目标物但无法实现对于微量、痕量分子的准确分析,因此需要将微量的目标物进行扩增。核酸放大策略通过对低浓度的目标物进行有效转化,启动核酸反应,使检测体系的灵敏度得到显著的提高。杂交链式反应(HCR)是一种新型的体外核酸等温扩增技术,主要是基于启动子DNA和发卡探针之间的杂交反应,来达到放大检测信号的效果。该综述主要总结了基于组分动态网络触发的杂交链式反应在肿瘤标志物的传感分析中的研究与应用进展,阐明了未来肿瘤标志物传感分析应用的前景和挑战,旨在为构建新型组分动态网络触发的杂交链式反应肿瘤标志物生物传感器提供参考。

At present,the expression level of some biomolecules may be up-regulated or down-regulated in the early stage of tumor onset,but the content is still in trace or trace state,it is difficult to detect mirrnas accurately in the presence of interfering substances,so it is necessary to construct a highly sensitive,accurate and specific method to trace mirrnas effectively.Conventional fluorescence biosensors can selectively identify the target at different concentrations but can not accurately analyze the trace molecules,so it is necessary to amplify the trace target.The nucleic acid amplification strategy can enhance the sensitivity of the detection system by effectively transforming the target with low concentration and initiating the nucleic acid reaction.Hybrid chain reaction(HCR)is a novel isothermal amplification technique for nucleic acids in vitro,which is based on the hybridization between promoter DNA and hairpin probes to amplify the detection signal.This review mainly summarizes the advances in research and application of component dynamic network-triggered hybrid chain reactions in the sensing analysis of tumor markers,and clarifies the prospects and challenges for the application of the sensing analysis of tumor markers in the future,the aim of this study is to provide a reference for the construction of a novel component dynamic networktriggered hybrid chain reaction biosensor for tumor markers.