车床尾座同轴度误差快速高精度测量方法研究

Research on Fast and High Precision Measurement Method for Coaxiality Error between Lathe Spindle and Tailstock

针对现场环境下的车床尾座孔与主轴之间的同轴度误差检测与调整问题,提出了一种基于激光准直和光电检测的同轴度误差快速高精度测量方法,并设计了以位置敏感探测器(PSD)和准直光束为核心的测量系统。通过分别驱动激光准直模块和光电测头旋转,PSD采集准直光束的轨迹信息,使用基于RANSAC的椭圆拟合改进算法,拟合轨迹中心点坐标。驱动尾座套筒沿轴向移动,测得多个截面的中心点,从而拟合轴线。最后,依据同轴度误差评定的最小包容区域准则,计算同轴度误差。在同一位置进行同轴度测量实验,测量系统的不确定度优于0.0032 mm,重复测量误差小于0.01 mm,满足车床尾座调整的同轴度测量要求。

Aiming at the coaxiality error detection and adjustment between lathe tailstock hole and spindle in the field environment,a rapid and high-precision detection of coaxiality error based on laser alignment and photoelectric detection is proposed and a measurement system with PSD sensor and collimated beam as the core is designed.By driving the laser collimation module and the photoelectric probe to rotate,the collimated beam forms the track information in the PSD and the improved ellipse fitting algorithm based on RANSAC is used to fit the coordinates of centre point of the trajectory.By driving the tailstock sleeve to move along the axial direction,the coordinates of the centre points of multiple sections are obtained which are used to fit the axis.Finally,the coaxiality error of the tailstock hole relative to the spindle is calculated according to the minimum containment area criterion for the coaxiality error evaluation.The uncertainty of the measurement system is up to 0.0032 mm and the error range of the measurement experiment at the same position is less than 0.01 mm.,which can meet the coaxiality measurement requirements of lathe tailstock adjustment.