《日本书纪》对神功皇后传说的政治塑造

The Political Shaping of the Legend of JinguKogo in the Nihonshoki

神功皇后在元日战争、丰臣秀吉侵朝乃至二战时期均被当时的日本政府奉为“精神偶像”,《日本书纪》作为最早记载神功传说的官修史书,在其传说的塑造方面起到了重要的奠基作用:《日本书纪》塑造神功皇后形象时具有强烈的政治目的,删改神功皇后世系以保证其子应神天皇即位的正统性;将神功皇后记载为“摄政”,挤占了原本在神功执政时期最有可能作为摄政的武内宿祢的地位,将“摄政”归为皇室成员所有,并在“三韩征伐”传说中增添了大量维护统治集团尊严及天智系君主合法性的内容。随着时代的演变,对神功皇后的形象塑造不再局限于维护统治阶级的正统性,而逐渐将其改造为日本对外战争的“精神领袖”。

JinguKogo was regarded as a"spiritual idol"by the Japanese government at the war times.As the first official history book to record the legend of JinguKogo,Nihonshoki played an important role in shaping the legend.Nihonshoki had a strong political purpose in creating the image of JinguKogo,ensuring the legitimacy of her son OujinTenno's accession to the throne.Recording JinguKogo as the"Regent"suppresses Takesiutinosugune's position and attributes the"Regent"to the Royal Family.In order to maintain the dignity of the ruling group and the legitimacy of the rule of the TenjiTenno's royal family,it added a lot of contents to the legend of the"Expedition against Three Korean Tribes".With the changes of the times,the legend of JinguKogo evolved and was later transformed into the'spiritual leader'of Japan's foreign wars.