苏轼民族共同意识的形成契机及其精神内核

The Formation Opportunity and Spiritual Core of Su Shi’s National Common Consciousness

苏轼民族共同意识的形成与他自身经历密切相关。被贬黄州、惠州与儋州是苏轼民族共同意识产生与形成的关键节点。苏轼因“乌台诗案”被贬黄州,生活困顿与精神创伤使他的思想变得多元,并兼容三教。苏轼沉沦下僚的坎坷仕途让他有机会接触少数民族百姓,作于黄州、惠州的诗文可反映其不断融入当地生活、以他乡作故乡的豁达情怀。被贬海南是苏轼民族共同意识产生的天然契机,他与黎族百姓比邻而居,相识相知,互相扶持,最终形成了汉黎一家、华夷同合的民族共同意识。在贬谪生涯中,苏轼与黎族人民平等交流,互相认可、彼此接纳、互相融合,在此基础上逐步形成了苏轼的民族共同意识。此外,苏轼在被贬三州内所作的和陶诗及编写的经典传著为其民族共同意识的形成注入了精神内核。这些创作表明了苏轼在精神上逐步隐逸田园,谦恭克己,爱民护民,自觉地与他们结为命运共同体。透过诗文我们已然可以看到苏轼真诚待民的高尚人格,而这种朴素的民本主义情结恰恰也是对民族共同意识最形象、最直观的演绎。

This study reveals that from Su Shi’s substantial ups and downs and magnificent life it can be seen that the formation of Su Shi’s national common consciousness is closely related to his own experience.Being demoted to Huangzhou,Huizhou,and Danzhou turned out to be key nodes in the emergence and formation of Su Shi’s national communal consciousness.This is because Su Shi’s tumultuous career in the officialdom allowed him to interact with ethnic minority people.His poems and essays in Huangzhou and Huizhou demonstrate indeed his open-minded attitude of constantly integrating into local life and regarding the alien land as his hometown.Being banned even further to Hainan created a natural opportunity for the emergence of Su Shi’s national common consciousness.He lived among the Li people and as a consequence acquaintanceship and mutual support were built between them.Meeting more frequently led to mutual recognition,understanding,and cultural exchange and eventually their convergence.In horizontal communication at an equal level,Su Shi and the Li people depended on and integrated with each other,and finally identified with each other.Based on this,it can be inferred that an organic whole with both integrated attributes and diverse characteristics,as well as commonalities and individuality gradually came into being(which is common consciousness).Ultimately,a national common consciousness of the Han and Li as one family and the integration of the Han and ethnic minority cultures was formed.In addition,Su Shi’s poems responded to Tao Yuanming’s Poems,and the classic biographies compiled by him in the three regions to which he was demoted injected spiritual substance into the formation of his national common consciousness.These creations indicate that Su Shi gradually retreated to the countryside in spirit,humbly restrained himself,educated the people,and consciously formed a joint community of shared destiny by loving and protecting the people.Through his poetry and prose,Su Shi’s noble personality of treating the people sincerely can still be seen,and this pure people-oriented sentiment is precisely the most vivid and intuitive interpretation of the national common consciousness.Su Shi’s works such as Dongpo Yi Zhuan and Dongpo Shu Zhuan,compiled during his banishment to the three regions,further strengthened this sense of national identity in ideology and arguably injected theoretical roots into the formation of his national common consciousness.The viewpoint of integrating personality and emotions into the Shu studies is integrated into the Yi-olog,striving to treat people equally,be humble and self-sufficient,and respect personal development.Su Shi further elaborated on the concept of governing the country and the people during his biography of Shangshu.His simple and sincere people-oriented ideology runs through the entire biography,shining brightly.From Su Shi’s poems and works,it is not difficult to find that in order to understand and grasp Su Shi’s national common consciousness of equality and progress,we should eliminate and change the thinking mode of complete division or opposition between Han and ethnic minorities,and among ethnic minorities.From a historical perspective,Chinese history has been a diverse and integrated chronology of the Chinese nation formed by the integration of various ethnic groups.This is not only Su Shi’s personal contribution,but also a shining light of that historical era.