考虑通信负载迁移及储能动态备电的5G基站光伏消纳能力研究

Research on Photovoltaic Absorption Capacity of 5G Base Station Considering Communication Load Migration and Energy Storage Dynamic Backup

在双碳目标要求下,国家大力开展绿色节能5G基站建设,5G基站配备屋顶光伏和储能电池以解决5G基站高功耗、高成本问题。然而不同负荷区域的屋顶分布式光伏出力与基站负载具有时空差异性,存在光伏消纳困难的问题。为此,该文在分析不同负荷区域的屋顶光伏出力和5G基站负载差异性的基础上,建立屋顶光伏出力和5G基站负载迁移模型,实现不同负荷区域基站负载和屋顶光伏的时空差异互补。针对5G基站的备电需求,考虑各负荷区域的配电网可靠性和通信负载特性,提出了储能动态备电的充放电机制;然后以光伏消纳率最大化和基站运营成本最小化为目标,建立考虑通信负载迁移及储能动态备电的5G基站优化调度模型;最后设立四种场景及三种规划区方案进行验证对比。算例分析结果表明,所提模型能够减少基站运营成本,提高光伏消纳率。

Under the requirements of the dual carbon target,the country has vigorously carried out green and energy-saving 5G base stations.5G base stations are equipped with rooftop photovoltaic and energy storage batteries to solve the problem of high power consumption and high cost of base stations.However,the distributed photovoltaic output of the roof in different load areas has spatio-temporal differences with the load of the base station,and there is a problem of photovoltaic absorption difficulty.Aiming at the above problems,this paper establishes an optimal scheduling model of 5G base station considering communication load migration and dynamic backup of energy storage,aiming at maximizing the photovoltaic absorption rate and minimizing the base station operating cost.By transferring the communication load of base stations in different load areas,the load size of 5G base stations is changed to solve the mismatch between photovoltaic output of buildings with different land use types and the load of base stations.Firstly,based on the analysis of the differences of rooftop PV output and base station load in industrial areas,administrative districts,commercial areas and residential areas,this paper establishes a roof PV output and 5G base station load migration model to realize the spatio-temporal differences of base station load and roof PV in different load areas.Secondly,according to the backup power demand of 5G base station,considering the distribution network reliability and communication load characteristics of each load area,the charging and discharging mechanism of energy storage dynamic backup power is proposed.Finally,the optimal scheduling model of 5G base station is established.This model not only takes into account energy saving and consumption reduction in 5G base stations,but also promotes photovoltaic consumption in different load areas.In this paper, four scenarios and three planning area schemes are set up for verification and comparison. The following conclusions can be drawn from the calculation example analysis: (1) The introduction of communication load migration can change the power distribution of the base station, improve the power of the base station with difficulty in photovoltaic absorption to a certain extent, so as to promote photovoltaic absorption. The photovoltaic absorption rate is increased by 4.95%, and promote the low-load base station to move the load out and save energy by sleeping, accounting for 13.43% of energy saving. (2) The introduction of dynamic backup of energy storage in base station makes the backup capacity of energy storage change dynamically with the power of base station, which improves the potential of low storage and high production of energy storage, reduces the power purchase cost of base station, and reduces the daily operating cost of a single base station by 7.02 yuan. (3) Under the proposed model, due to the limited coverage range of the base station, the communication load migration range is limited. Therefore, the model in this paper is suitable for 5G networks covering multiple industrial, administrative, commercial and residential areas with a small area in a single area.