电子签名纠纷中签名人与依赖方的证明责任

Title Burden of Proof of the Signatory and the Relying Party in Electronic Signature Disputes

电子签名技术的不同安全等级决定了签名证据真实性和可靠性的差异度.在签名证据可采性和证明力的认定上应引入“可靠性”这一前置概念和规则,并与真实性分开审查.被指涉的签名人欲否认某份电文上的签名,应当举证证明该签名是真实的但不是其授权的,或者不存在受法律约束的意图,或者该签名是虚假的,或者认证证书无效;而依赖方由于与认证机构之间的信赖关系,在认证程序和操作上具有勤勉谨慎义务,其对某签名或证书的信赖应具有合理性,应当验证并且有能力证明其所验证的结果.

The different security levels of electronic signature technologies determine the difference of authenticity and reliability of signature evidences.The preconcept and rule of“reliability”should be introduced into the identification of the admissibility and probative force of signature evidences,and the examination should be separated from the authenticity.If the purported signatory wants to deny the signature on a message,he may need to prove that the signature is genuine but not authorized,or there is no intention of being legally bound,or the signature is false,or the digital certificate is invalid;Because of the trust relationship between the relying party and the certification authority,the relying party has the duty of diligence and prudence in the certification process and operation.The reliance of the relying party on a signature or certificate should be reasonable,and he should check and be able to prove that they checked.