论回归儿童天性的教育及教育焦虑的纾解--基于《种树郭橐驼传》的教育价值意蕴阐释

On Education of Returning to Children's Nature and the Relief of Educational Anxiety--An Interpretation of Educational Value Based on The Biography of Guo T uotuo Plant Trees

当下,教育存有一种普遍的过度焦虑,根源在于教育无视儿童天性,将其自然属性与社会属性对立。我国唐代著名文学家柳宗元的《种树郭橐驼传》一文隐藏着激发和保持儿童天性的“机关”,对纾解教育的过度焦虑有一定启发。将《橐驼传》一文中的“植木之术”移之教育,发现其中蕴含了丰富的教育价值:“顺木之天以致其性”,以激发儿童内在生命成长动力;“本舒”“培平”“土故”“筑密”,以创造能保护儿童天性的教育环境;“莳若子”“置若弃”,以提供呵护儿童天性的适度情感支持;等等。在此基础上,为了摆脱“他植者”的过度教育焦虑,需要深度认识和理解儿童,把握儿童生命成长的本质需要;遵循儿童成长的规律,努力助推儿童实现“安所遂生”;平衡“纵容”与“无情”,理性支持儿童的生命成长。

At present,there is a general excessive anxiety in education,which is rooted in the fact that education ignores children's nature and opposes their natural attributes with their social attributes.Liu Zongyuan,a famous litterateur in Tang Dynasty,wrote The Biography of Guo Tuotuo Plant Trees,which hides the"mystery"that stimulates and maintains children's nature and has a certain enlightening significance in relieving the excessive anxiety of ed ucation.If"the technology of planting trees"in the article The Biography of Guo Tuotuo Plant Trees can be transferred to education,we can find that it contains rich educational value:"following the nature of human beings to their nature",so as to stimulate children's internal life growth momentum,"the roots of the tree should be stretched,the soil covering the tree roots should be just,not too much or too little,the soil under the roots should be the soil that used to cultivate the saplings,and the soil around the roots should be compacted",so as to create an educational environment that can protect children's nature,and"when planting,treat it as your own children,and after planting,put it aside as if you were throwing it away",so as to provide appropriate emotional support to protect children's nature.On this basis,in order to get rid of the educational anxiety of"other planters",we need to know and understand children in depth and grasp the essential needs of children's life growth;to follow the laws of children's growth and strive to help children achieve the goal of"clear positioning and natural development";to balance"indulgence"and"ruthlessness"and rationally support children's life growth.