论当代资本主义社会的数字劳动——基于马克思劳动价值论的分析

On Digital Labor in the Context of Contemporary Capitalism:An Analysis Based on Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

从以一般劳动为核心的机器劳动到以一般数据为核心的数字劳动,当代资本主义依然处于马克思劳动价值论的问题域之中。劳动主体与劳动条件的分离构成生产性劳动的前提,只有带来数字资本增值的数字劳动才是真正的生产性劳动。数字商品是由数字劳动者基于互联网平台对由数字终端用户产生的数据原料进行价值提炼后所形成的具有价值和使用价值的数字资产。数字劳动本身通过释放数字劳动的创造力,能够创造出比自身数字劳动力价值更大的价值,使数字资本能够通过占有他人的数字劳动来获得自身生产力的增长。数字劳动者是受雇于数字资本家的雇佣劳动者,数字资本对数字劳动的剥削就发生在数字商品的创造过程中,数字劳动是资本的剥削逻辑在虚拟数字空间的延展。因此,对数字劳动的探讨,仍需回到价值生产领域之中,借助马克思劳动价值论的理论与方法,确证当代资本主义社会数字劳动的本质与特征。

From machine labor,with general labor being the core,to digital labor,with general data being the core,contemporary capitalism is still within the scope of the problem domain of Marx’s labor theory of value.The separation of labor subject and labor condition is the premise of productive labor.Only the digital labor that brings the value-added digital capital is the real productive labor.Digital goods are digital assets with value and use value,which are formulated when digital workers refine the raw data materials generated by digital end users on the Internet platform.By releasing the creativity of digital labor,digital labor itself can create greater value than its own digital labor,so that digital capital can obtain its own productivity growth by occupying other people’s digital labor.Digital workers are employed by digital capitalists.The exploitation of digital labor by digital capital occurs in the creation of digital goods.Digital labor is the extension of capital exploitation logic in virtual digital space.Therefore,digital labor should still be discussed within value production by drawing on Marx’s theory and approach to labor value investigation so as to clarify the nature and characteristics of digital labor in the context of contemporary capitalism.