环境规制作用下企业绿色全要素生产率的提升——基于异质性研发投资的路径分析

The Promotion of Enterprise GTFP Under the Impact of Environmental Regulation——An Analysis of the Mediating Path of Heterogeneous R&D Investment

基于三阶段SP-DEA动态分析模型测算了2013~2017年1324家制造业企业的绿色全要素生产率(GTFP),综合考虑并计算了3种不同类型的环境规制并与企业的两种异质性研发投资活动联系,实证检验环境规制影响企业异质性研发投资活动进而作用于绿色全要素生产率的路径和机理,结果表明:法规命令类环境规制和公众参与类环境规制显著促进了企业技术进步(TC)提升,市场导向类环境规制则主要作用于效率改进(EC),但环境规制作用于企业绿色全要素生产率的效果由效率改进主导;对3种环境规制下的异质性研发投资的中介作用分析得到:法规命令类环境规制通过研究性投资的中介作用,正向影响前沿面企业(先进企业)的技术进步;市场导向类环境规制导致前沿面企业研发投资性活动不足,负向作用于技术进步,正向提高了企业的效率改进;公众参与类环境规制门槛较高,仅通过前沿面企业的研究性投资促进技术进步,对落后企业作用不显著。

Based on the three-stage SP-DEA dynamic analysis model,this paper estimates the green total factor productivity(gtfp)of 1324 manufacturing enterprises from 2013 to 2017.Three different types of environmen-tal regulations are considered and calculated,which are related to two kinds of heterogeneous R&D investment activities.This paper empirically tests the path that environmental regulation affects the heterogeneous R&D investment activities of enterprises and then affects the green total factor productivity.The results show that the environmental regulations of law and order and public participation significantly promote the technological progress of enterprises.While the market-oriented environmental regulations mainly improve the efficiency,the impact of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity of Chinese enterprises is dominated by efficiency improvement.By analyzing the mediating role of heterogeneous R&D investment under the impact of three kinds of environmental regulations,we reach the following conclusions:Through the intermediary role of research-based investment,laws-and regulations-oriented environmental regulation has a positive impact on the technological progress of frontier enterprises.Market-oriented environmental regulation leads to the inadequate R&D investment activities of frontier enterprises,which negatively affects technological progress and positively promotes the efficiency improvements of enterprises.The threshold of public participation-oriented environmental regulation is high,which can only promote technological progress by stimulating the intermediary role of the research investment of frontier enterprises.But it has no significant effect on backward enterprises.