基于标准规范的有限空间作业安全相关概念研究

Research on related concepts of confined space operation safety based on standards and specifications

为进一步研究我国标准规范中关于有限空间作业安全的相关概念,基于国内外现行标准规范并结合企业调研情况,深入探讨有限空间作业安全相关概念在实际应用中存在的问题。研究结果表明:“存在缺氧窒息或易积聚易燃易爆、有毒有害等危险物质”“出入口受限或狭窄”“自然通风不良”是判定有限空间的3个必要条件。有限空间作业概念中关于“进入”行为的定义有必要进一步明确;国内外相关标准针对有限空间作业危险环境中的可燃性气体浓度及粉尘浓度存在较大差异;有限空间作业安全管理环节应进一步完善有限空间作业分类管理办法、作业人员资格要求、应急救援等内容。研究结果拟为有限空间相关概念内容的完善、标准规范的修订以及有限空间相关概念的实际应用提供一定参考。

In order to study the related concepts of confined space operation safety in China's standards and specifications,the problems existing in the practical application of the related concepts of confined space operation safety were discussed in depth based on the current standards and specifications at home and abroad and combined with the investigation of enterprises.The results show that there are three necessary conditions for the determination of confined space:hypoxia asphyxiation or easy accumulation of flammable,explosive,toxic and harmful dangerous substances,limited or narrow entrances and exits,and poor ventilation.It is necessary to clarify the definition of“entry”behavior in the concept of confined space operations.There are significant difference in the concentration of combustible gases and dust in different hazardous environments of confined space operations.In the safety management of confined space operations,the specific classification management methods,operator qualification requirements,emergency rescue and other aspects of confined space operations should be further improved.The research results can provide reference for production operators to better understand and apply the standards of confined space operations.