视野受限情况下行人疏散行为特征试验研究

Experimental study on characteristics of pedestrian evacuation behavior under limited visual field

为了提高突发事件下人群应急疏散的效率,开展行人疏散试验来深入分析视野受限情况下行人疏散行为特征与人-环境相互影响,并基于行人运动学特征与安全心理学进行综合分析。研究结果表明:视野受限下行人总是先寻找“墙体”这一参照物,此后通过沿墙走直到找到出口,但也有少部分风险偏好者会丢掉参照物去寻找捷径;平均疏散速度为0.584 m/s,寻找墙时段的速度明显慢于沿墙走阶段;当行人在靠墙行走时,以不超过15°偏向墙面一侧以提高疏散效率。研究结果可为人群疏散管理和应急设施开发提供参考。

In order to improve the efficiency of emergency crowd evacuation under emergencies,the pedestrian evacuation experiments were carried out to deeply analyze the characteristics of pedestrian evacuation behavior and the interaction between human and environment under the condition of limited visual field,and the comprehensive analysis was conducted based on the characteristics of pedestrian kinematics and safety psychology.The results show that pedestrian under limited visual field always look for the“wall”as reference substance first,and then walk along the wall until they find the exit.However,a small number of risk-averse people will lose the reference substance to find a shortcut.The average evacuation speed is 0.584 m/s,and the speed in the stage of finding the wall is significantly slower than that of walking along the wall.When the pedestrian are walking against the wall,they should be tilted no more than 15°to the side of wall to improve the evacuation efficiency.The research results can provide reference for the crowd evacuation management and emergency facility development.