基于生物多样性保护理念的植物专类园规划设计研究

Study on Planning and Design of Special Categorized Plants Garden Based on the Biodiversity Conservation Theory

植物园中的专类园承担着植物迁地保育和生物多样性保护的重要使命,是植物园最核心的建设单元,根据不同的展示目的,分为不同类型。随着现代城市快速扩张,植物专类园在生物多样性保护方面发挥着其他类型城市绿地无法比拟的功能和地位。在国家植物园体系建设背景下,植物专类园的规划设计应将生物多样性保护能力和水平提升至更高位置,科学布局分区、配置植物和建设运营。基于此,通过归纳植物专类园的功能类型,从一线工作者的视角分析专类园对生物多样性保护和利用的影响及面临的建设困难,探讨现代植物专类园应遵循的建设原则,从主题内容、植物栽植和配置、景观设计、科普展示、科学研究等方面对植物专类园的营建和发展提出建议。

Special categorized plant gardens are the core construction units in the botanical garden,which undertake the important mission of plant ex-situ conservation and biodiversity protection.With the rapid urbanization process,specified plant gardens play an incomparable role in biodiversity conservation.Specialized gardens are categorized into different types based on their exhibition purposes.The planning and design of specified plant gardens should enhance the capacity and level of biodiversity conservation to a higher level in the context of the national botanical garden system.It is necessary to plan the specified plant garden scientifically and configure plants reasonably in it so as to achieve the sustainable operation of the specified plant garden.The article summarizes the functions and types of specified plant gardens and analyzes their impact on biodiversity conservation and utilization,as well as the construction difficulties faced from the perspective of front-line workers.The article also discussed the construction principles of modern specified plant gardens.Finally,Some practical suggestions were put forward for the construction and development of specified plant gardens from the aspects of theme,plant planting and configuration,landscape design,popular science exhibition,and scientific research.