二氧化碳捕集技术研究现状与发展综述

Review on Research Status and Development of Carbon Dioxide Capture Technology

为应对全球气候变暖,减少CO_(2)向大气排放,CO_(2)捕集成为全球重点研究的一项技术。本文基于国内外CO_(2)捕集技术研究现状,将CO_(2)捕集技术分为燃烧前捕集、燃烧后捕集、富氧燃烧和化学链燃烧4种技术路线,燃烧前捕集和燃烧后捕集技术又主要有吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法、低温分馏法等方法。首先,概述了这4种技术路线的不同方法的研究现状和应用进展,并提出了各技术方法的未来发展趋势。随后,对比了不同CO_(2)捕集技术的优缺点,总结发现各技术方法各有利弊,尚未有一种技术能独立满足高效、低成本、低能耗和大规模要求。最后,提出未来应当针对CO_(2)捕集技术存在的难题与挑战,重点开展研发攻关,突破现阶段瓶颈,推动CO_(2)捕集经济、高效和规模化。

In order to cope with global warming and reduce CO_(2)emissions to the atmosphere,CO_(2)capture has become a key technology for global research.Based on the research status of CO_(2)capture technology at home and abroad,this paper divides CO_(2)capture technology into four technical routes:pre-combustion capture,post-combustion capture,oxyfuel combustion and chemical looping combustion.Pre-combustion capture and post-combustion capture technology mainly include absorption method,adsorption method,membrane separation method,low temperature fractionation method and other methods.Firstly,the research status and application progress of different methods of these four technical routes are summarized,and the future development trend of each technical method is proposed.Subsequently,the advantages and disadvantages of different CO_(2)capture technologies are compared.It is found that each technical method has its own advantages and disadvantages,and no technology can independently meet the requirements of high efficiency,low cost,low energy consumption and large scale.Finally,it is proposed that in the future,we should focus on the problems and challenges of CO_(2)capture technology,focus on research and development,break through the bottleneck at this stage,and promote the economy,efficiency and scale of CO_(2)capture.