我国已婚人群平衡工作与家庭冲突的困境——基于受教育水平的影响效应分析

The Dilemma of Balancing Work and Family Relationships among Married People in China--An Analysis on the Effect of Educational Level

工作-家庭冲突是个体在工作领域与家庭领域之间扮演角色时,在某方面存在互不相容的矛盾所导致的冲突。我国已婚人群数量庞大,工作-家庭冲突已成为已婚人群生活中最突出的问题。本文利用“中国社会状况综合调查”2019年的基线调查数据实证分析已婚人群受教育水平对工作-家庭冲突的影响机制,结果表明:总体上,受教育水平的提升会显著降低工作-家庭冲突的发生概率;在不同特征已婚人群中受教育水平的影响效应具有异质性,一是受教育水平缓解已婚人群工作家庭矛盾的效应和途径具有性别差异,二是与青年已婚人群相比,中年已婚人群所接受的教育的沉淀效应更为显著,三是受教育水平缓解农村已婚人群工作-家庭冲突的效果明显高于城市已婚人群;在传导机制上,受教育水平主要通过提高工作获得、减少工作损失降低工作-家庭冲突的发生概率,而家庭融洽则在受教育水平与家庭-工作冲突之间发挥着中介作用。为改善我国已婚人群工作-家庭冲突状况,应大力提升义务教育质量,扩大高等教育规模,缩小地域和城乡教育差距;同时要为劳动者提供管理规范、服务高效的就业市场,营造良好的工作环境,构建和谐稳定的劳动关系;应完善家庭支持政策,缓解家庭压力,建立普惠多元的托育服务体系,降低养育成本,打造高质量的养老服务体系,减轻赡养负担,构建和谐稳定的家庭关系,促进人口高质量发展。

Work-family conflict is a conflict caused by incompatible contradictions in certain aspects when individuals play roles between the work and family domains.The number of married people in China is huge,and work-family conflict has become the most prominent issue in the lives of married people.This article empirically analyzes the impact mechanism of married people’s educational level on work-family conflicts.The study found that overall,an increase in educational level significantly reduces the probability of work-family conflict occurring.The impact of educational level on married individuals with different characteristics is heterogeneous.Firstly,there are gender differences in the effects and pathways of educa⁃tion level in alleviating work-family conflicts among married individuals.Secondly,compared to young mar⁃ried individuals,the precipitation effect of education received by middle-aged married individuals is more significant.Thirdly,the effect of educational level in alleviating work-family conflicts among rural married individuals is significantly higher than that of urban married individuals.In terms of transmission mecha⁃nism,educational level mainly reduces the probability of work-family conflicts from the work side by im⁃proving work acquisition and reducing work losses,while family harmony plays a mediating role between educational level and work-family conflict.In order to improve the situation of work-family conflict among married people in China,this article believes that efforts should be made to improve the compulsory educa⁃tion system,expand the scale of higher education,narrow the regional and urban-rural education gap,pro⁃vide workers with a standardized and efficient employment market,create a good working environment,build harmonious and stable labor relations,and adhere to optimizing birth policies,establish a comprehen⁃sive and diverse childcare service system,reduce parenting costs,create a high-quality elderly care service system,reduce the burden of support,and promote high-quality population development.