冰巨行星内部深处物理与化学过程研究进展

Progress on Physical and Chemical Processes Deep Inside Ice Giants

宇宙中诸如天王星、海王星等冰巨行星的数量繁多,理解冰巨行星的内部结构与局部反应过程对于建立统一的行星演化体系具有重要意义。近几十年来,随着模拟计算方法、实验加载与诊断技术的不断发展,与冰巨行星内部相关的多个物理问题研究取得了突破性进展,如“超离子态水”、“钻石雨”等现象不再不可捉摸。聚焦冰巨行星相关物理问题,简要介绍并讨论了极端状态下的高压状态方程和微观物理过程的理论及实验研究进展,包括相关实验平台与配套技术的发展情况,并对该领域的未来发展方向提出了展望。

Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are numerous in the universe.Understanding the internal structure and local reaction processes of ice giants is of great significance for establishing a unified planetary evolution system.In recent decades,with the continuous development of simulation methods and experimental driving as well as diagnostic techniques,breakthroughs have been made in multiple physical problems related to the interior of ice giants,such as“superionic water”and“diamond rain”,which are no longer unpredictable.Starting from the physical issues related to ice giants,this article briefly introduces and discusses the theoretical and experimental research progress in high-pressure equations of state and microscopic physical processes under extreme conditions,as well as the development of related experimental platforms and supporting technologies.It also proposes prospects for the future direction of this field.