呼伦贝尔草原牲畜异地“转场越冬”的探索与实践

Exploration and Practice of“Transferring Livestock to Overwintering in Different Site”in Hulunbuir Grassland

呼伦贝尔草原是我国重要牧区之一,近年来由于草原“三化”严重,加之气候连年干旱,牲畜越冬春饲草料匮乏。为破解传统牧区冬季饲草料短缺难题,针对近年来呼伦贝尔牧区牧民自发组织牲畜异地“转场越冬”饲养模式,通过广泛搜集和整理,对异地“转场越冬”方式展开研究,得出如下结论:异地“转场越冬”可以减少养殖成本;通过“秸秆养畜”“过腹还田”,改良土壤,直接转化为乳肉,资源得到有效循环利用,促进了农牧民增产增收。同时,针对异地“转场越冬”存在的问题,提出了合理性建议。

Hulunbuir Grassland is one of the important pastoral areas in China.In recent years,due to the cur⁃rent situation of grassland degradation,desertification,and salinization,coupled with the continuous drought cli⁃mate,livestock is short of winter and spring forage.In order to solve the problem of winter forage shortage in tra⁃ditional pastoral areas,the herdsmen in Hulunbuir pastoral areas inrecent years have organized the feeding mode of“Transferring livestock to overwintering in different site”.Through extensive collection and collation,the feed⁃ing mode of“Transferring livestock to overwintering”in different site was studied in this paper,and the following conclusions were drawn:“Transferring livestock to overwintering in different site”could reduce the cost of breed⁃ing;Through“Straw-fed Livestock”“Returning straw to the field”,the soil was improvedand directly transformed into milk and meat,and the resources were effectively recycled,whichpromoted the increase of production and in⁃come of farmers and herdsmen.At the same time,aimming at the problems of“Transferring livestock to overwin⁃tering in different site”in different places,reasonable suggestions were put forward.