布鲁氏菌病核酸检测技术研究新进展

New Advances in Nucleic Acid Detection Technologies of Brucellosis

人类布鲁氏菌病的临床表现不一,具有多样性和非特异性,因此,实验室检测对患者的早期诊断、治疗有着非常重要的意义。血清学检测方法虽简单、方便、快捷,但缺乏特异性;而分离培养耗时耗力、阳性率低、危险性高。与其他细菌感染一样,其可靠的检测方法是核酸扩增检测技术。现就布鲁氏菌属的基因组学、靶基因的选择、常用引物序列、血液样本在核酸扩增试验中的应用、核酸提取方法、核酸扩增试验等方面对布鲁氏菌病的核酸检测技术进行综述,以便读者对布鲁氏菌病的核酸检测新技术、新进展进行了解、掌握和应用。

The clinical manifestations of human brucellosis are different,and are characterized by diverse and non-specificity.Therefore,laboratory testing holds profound importance in the early diagnosis and treatment of patients.Although the serological detection method is simple,convenient and quick,it lacks specificity.More⁃over,isolation and cultivation of the bacteria is time-consuming and labor-intensive,with low positive rate and high risk.As with other bacterial infections,the reliable detection method for Brucella is nucleic acid amplifica⁃tion detection technology.This paper reviews the nucleic acid detection technology of brucellosis from the as⁃pects of genomics of Brucella,selection of target genes,commonly used primer sequences,application of blood samples in nucleic acid amplification test,nucleic acid extraction methods,nucleic acid amplification assays and so on,so as to provide readers with the understanding,grasp and application of new nucleic acid detection tech⁃nology and new progress of brucellosis.