隋唐时期宫廷琴待诏探微

On the Royal Qin Daizhao in the Sui and Tang Dynasties

隋唐王朝继承了南北朝的待诏制度,唐玄宗时置翰林院,琴待诏属于翰林待诏。后琴、棋、书、画、医等杂流伎艺待诏与精于文词的学士待诏分置。翰林院在职掌设置上,没有形成严格的制度,琴待诏通常是根据帝王喜好而定,其选任主要采用皇帝征召和荐入制,也有家族传承式的待诏。翰林琴待诏属于没有品秩的使职,需要“假以它官”而秩其品阶。唐代还有赐服制度,“赐紫”“赐绯”代表了皇权对待诏艺术成就的最高肯定,如贺若夷曾被“赐绯”。作为“伎术杂流”的琴待诏,传世文献中记载很少,主要有薛易简、雷俨、赵惟暕、宋霁、贺若夷、王敬傲等。隋唐宫廷之中,清雅淳美的琴声与舒卷磅礴的夷音蛮乐,共同呈现了精湛绝伦、恢弘包容的盛唐气韵。

The Sui and Tang Dynasties inherited the Daizhao system from the Northern and Southern Dynasties.Emperor Xuanzong of Tang established the Imperial Academy,to which Qin Daizhao belonged as part of the Hanlin Daizhao.Subsequently,the Daizhao of Qin,Qi,Calligraphy,Painting,and Medicine were separated from the Literary Daizhao.The appointment of members to the Imperial Academy did not adhere to strict rules.Qin Daizhao was usually appointed by the emperor,through recommendation,or based on family inheritance.It did not hold an official rank,and therefore its status should be inferred from that of other official positions.The Tang dynasty also had a rewarding mechanism known as the"clothes of glory":red and purple attire symbolized the highest royal recognition of an artist.For example,He Ruoyi was granted red attire by the emperor.Qin Daizhao rarely appears in historical documents.Recorded names include Xue Yijian,Lei Yan,Zhao Weijian,Song Ji,He Ruoyi,and Wang Jin'ao.The magnificent art of Qin during the Sui and Tang Dynasties is indicative of the spirit of the times.