苏北地区覆膜栽培方式对露地辣椒生长和土壤养分的影响

Effects of plastic mulching cultivation methods on the growth and soil nutrients of peppers in open fields in northern Jiangsu Province

为了探究苏北地区露地辣椒栽培更好的地膜覆盖方式,以苏椒5号为研究对象,设置畦面地膜覆盖(T_(2))、畦面起垄连沟全地膜覆盖(T_(3))2种地膜覆盖方式,以不覆膜(T_(1))为对照(CK),研究地膜覆盖不同栽培方式对露地辣椒植株生长、产量、土壤氮素、盐分和pH的影响。结果表明,T_(3)处理的辣椒初花期、结果期和采收期可至少提前5 d,鲜椒单果质量和产量分别显著高于不覆膜处理18.95%和11.99%;在苗期、开花坐果期、成熟期3个时期,T_(3)处理的辣椒株高分别显著高于T_(1)处理34.28%、30.30%和16.66%,茎粗分别显著高于T_(1)处理42.75%、26.79%和26.64%;在成熟期,T_(3)处理的辣椒植株展开度可达78.9 cm×81.2 cm,地上部干物质量分别显著高于T_(1)和T_(2)处理24.35%和12.01%。在开花坐果期,T_(2)和T_(3)处理的土壤TN(全氮)含量分别显著低于T_(1)处理5.77%、24.04%,土壤速效氮含量分别显著低于T_(1)处理12.99%和12.27%;在苗期和成熟期,T_(3)处理的0~20 cm土层土壤水溶性盐含量分别显著低于T_(1)处理85.26%和17.35%。

In order to explore better plastic film mulching cultivation methods for peppers in open fields in northern Jiangsu Province,the commonly used local variety Sujiao No.5 was used as experimental material.Two plastic film mulching cultivation methods were set up,including plastic mulching only on the ridge surface(T_(2)),and the ridge and furrow with plastic mulching on whole ground(T_(3)).Taking no plastic mulching(T_(1))as the control(CK),the effects of different plastic film mulching cultivation methods on the growth,yield,soil nitrogen,salinity,and pH of peppers in open fields were studied.The results showed that compared to T_(1) treatment,T_(3) treatment could advance the initial flowering,fruiting,and harvesting stages of peppers by at least 5 days,and significantly improve the quality and yield of fresh peppers by 18.95% and 11.99%,respectively;at the seedling stage,flowering and fruiting stage,and maturity stage,the pepper plant height of T_(3) treatment was significantly higher than that of T_(1) treatment by 34.28%,30.30%,and 16.66%,respectively,and the pepper plant stem diameter was significantly higher than that of T_(1) treatment by 42.75%,26.79%,and 26.64%,respectively;in the mature stage,the unfolding degree of T_(3) treatment could reach 78.9 cm×81.2 cm,and the aboveground dry mass was significantly higher than that of T_(1) and T_(2) treatments by 24.35% and 12.01%,respectively.During the flowering and fruiting period,the soil TN content of T_(2) and T_(3) treatments was significantly lower than that of T_(1) treatment by 5.77%and 24.04%,respectively.The soil available nitrogen content was significantly lower than that of T_(1) treatment by 12.99%and 12.27%,respectively;during the seedling and maturity stages,the water-soluble salt content of 0~20 cm soil layer treated by T_(3) treatment was significantly lower than that treated by T_(1) treatment by 85.26% and 17.35%,respectively.