2017-2021年南宁市流感疫情特征分析

Analysis of characteristics of influenza epidemic in Nanning from 2017 to 2021

目的分析探讨南宁市2017—2021年报告的流感病例特征,为下一步流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2017—2021年南宁市报告的流感病例数据,建立南宁市流感病例的数据库;对数据进行统计分析,采用描述性流行病学研究方法分析流行病学特征。结果2017—2021年南宁市累计报告流感病例33211例,死亡1例,平均年发病率为78.01/10万,不同年份的发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13072.052,P<0.001)。南宁市流感发病趋势呈波浪形,但总体呈上升趋势;具有明显的季节性,每年的冬春季节是病例报告的高峰期,与其他南方省份存在冬季和夏季双峰的活动规律不同;男性发病人数多于女性,男女性别比为1.27∶1;年龄中位数为8(9)岁,以0~10岁组最多,占病例总数的65.85%,11~20岁组次之,占20.98%,随着年龄的增大病例报告数量逐渐减少;职业以学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童为主,共占总报告病例数的86.81%;流感疫苗年接种率仅为2.36%。结论2017—2021年南宁市流感发病趋势呈波浪形,总体呈上升趋势,报告病例主要集中在每年的冬春季节,以青少年和学生为主,南宁市流感接种率处于很低的水平。应根据南宁市流感流行特征,重点加强对学龄前儿童和学生的流感防控工作,加大流感疫苗接种知识宣传,提高流感疫苗接种率。在流感流行季节加强流感防病知识的宣传普及,增强公众预防意识,降低流感发病率。医疗机构要提高对流感重症病例的敏感性,做到早发现早治疗。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of influenza cases reported in Nanning from 2017 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for the next step of influenza prevention and control.Methods The data of influenza cases reported in Nanning from 2017 to 2021 were collected by China Disease Control and Prevention Information System,and a database of influenza cases in Nanning was established.The data were analyzed statistically and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive pidemiological research.Results There were 33211 influenza cases and 1 death reported in Nanning from 2017 to 2021.Average annual incidence was 78.01/100000,and the incidence in different years was statistically significant(χ^(2)=13072.052,P<0.001).The incidence of influenza in Nanning was wavy,but general trend was rising.It has obvious seasonality,with the peak of cases reported in winter and spring each year,which was different from the activity pattern of winter and summer peaks in other southern provinces.The number of male patients was higher than female patients,with a sex ratio of 1.27∶1,the median age was 8(9)years,with 0-10 year old group accounting for the most,accounting for 65.85%of the total number of cases,followed by 11-20 year old group,accounting for 20.98%,and the number of reported cases gradually decreased with the increase of age.Students,scattered children and children in childcare were the main occupations,accounting for 86.81%of the total reported cases.Annual flu vaccination rate was only 2.36%.Conclusion From 2017 to 2021,the incidence of influenza in Nanning is wavy,but general trend is rising,and the reported cases mainly concentrate in winter and spring every year,mainly among teenagers and students.Flu vaccination rate in Nanning is at a very low level.According to the epidemic haracteristics of influenza in Nanning,it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of influenza for preschool children and students,increase the publicity of influenza vaccination knowledge,and improve the vaccination rate of influenza vaccine.Strengthening the publicity and popularization of influenza prevention knowledge during the influenza epidemic season can raise the public awareness of prevention and reduce the incidence of influenza.Medical institutions should improve the sensitivity of severe cases of influenza to achieve early detection and treatment.