“集体记忆”下司马迁“发愤著书说”的建构及意义

The Construction and Significance of Sima Qian’s“Writing for Grievances”under the“Collective Memory”

从“集体记忆”的理论观照司马迁“发愤著书说”,其亦深蕴层次丰富的人格精神与文学价值。在“集体记忆”的观照下,司马迁通过“发愤著书说”,首先,实现了个体在情感、现实以及精神层面对于生命困境的超越;其次,历代失志之士皆可如司马迁一般从圣贤这里找到现实路径和价值归属感,进而营造了一个“记忆场”,在这个场域中相互学习、记忆、共享;最后,“发愤著书说”所树立的穷且益坚的人格精神基于司马迁对于整个中华民族生命不止、奋斗不息的民族精神以及“死得其所”价值观的沉淀与凝铸,并使其有了进一步升华。此外,就文学价值而言,用典的极致化是“集体记忆”不断被塑造层累的主要文学手法,司马迁据事类义、援古证今,极大地提升“发愤著书说”的情感张力,展现使事用典的艺术魅力。

From the perspective of the theory of“Collective Memory”,Sima Qian’s“Writing for Grievances”also em-bodies rich levels of personality spirit and literary value.Under the observation of“Collective Memory”,Sima Qian first achieved an individual’s transcendence of life difficulties in terms of emotions,reality and spirit through“Writing for Griev-ances”.Secondly,people who have lost their aspirations throughout history,like Sima Qian,can find practical paths and a sense of value belonging from sages,thus creating a“memory field”where they learn,remember,and share with each oth-er.Thirdly,the impoverished and resilient personality spirit established by the“Writing for Grievances”is based on Sima Qian’s sedimentation and solidification of the national spirit of the entire Chinese nation,which is characterized by endless life and struggle,as well as the value of“death being well deserved”.In addition,in terms of literary value,the ultimate use of allusions is the main literary technique that constantly shapes and accumulates layers of“Collective Memory”.Sima Qian greatly enhanced the emotional tension of“Writing for Grievances”and demonstrated the artistic charm of using allu-sions based on the analogy of events and citing the past to prove the present.