国家级大数据综合试验区如何赋能企业数字化转型

How the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone Enables Enterprises to Make Digital Transformation

在国家大数据综合试验区政策引领下,加快企业数字化转型,对于构建经济发展新格局、构筑国家竞争新优势具有重要意义。将2009—2019年中国A股上市公司微观数据与城市宏观数据匹配,以国家级大数据综合试验区为准自然试验,采用双重差分法评估大数据综合试验区建设对企业数字化转型的赋能效应。结果表明,大数据综合试验区建设能够显著促进企业数字化转型,这一结论经过系列稳健性检验后依然成立。从作用机制看,大数据综合试验区建设通过完善数字基础设施建设、推动数字产业发展、提高财政科技支出强度等方式推动企业数字化转型。从异质性看,在企业层面,大数据综合试验区对非国有企业和高科技企业数字化转型的赋能效果更好;在城市层面,东部地区城市和政府工作效率较高的城市更能有效发挥大数据综合试验区赋能企业数字化转型的效果。研究结论可为大数据综合试验区政策红利提供微观层面的实证支撑,同时为推动大数据综合试验区建设、赋能企业数字化转型、建设数据强国提供经验证据和政策参考。

Enterprise digital transformation is the micro-foundation to promote the development of digital economy,ensure the smooth transformation of economic momentum,and achieve high-quality economic development.It has become an inevitable choice to apply artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing and other digital technologies to the production and operation of enterprises so as to deal with the uncertainty of the production and operation environment at home and abroad and promote the high-quality development of enterprises.However,it is reported that only 16% of Chinese enterprises have achieved remarkable results in digital transformation.Many enterprises are stuck in problems such as weak foundation and insufficient transformation ability of digital transformation,and the application of digital technology is still in the exploratory stage.The construction of national big data comprehensive pilot zone can promote the development of digital industry,release technological dividends,institutional dividends and innovation dividends,and provide market institutional strength and policy support for stimulating the digital transformation of enterprises.At present,China's digital economy has some achievements in development scale and application scenarios,and has great market advantages and development potential.However,there are still a series of shortcomings,such as insufficient foresight of digital economy strategy,insufficient saturation and balance of digital economy development,insufficient innovation ability and core technology of digital economy,and the widespread phenomena of "data island" and "data chimney".In order to speed up the deployment of big data,deepen the application of big data and create new advantages of the digital economy,the State Council issued the action plan for promoting the development of big data(hereinafter referred to as the plan) in August 2015.The outline points out the direction for promoting the opening of digital resources and the development of digital industry from the aspects of top-level planning,policy guidance and implementation direction,and clearly puts forward "carrying out regional pilot projects".In terms of development goals and tasks,the outline points out that it is necessary to have a comprehensive construction plan of big data infrastructure,promote the application of big data in all links of enterprise R D,design,production and operation,and drive the innovation of management methods,business models and the reconstruction of industrial value chain system.This paper takes the national big data comprehensive pilot zone as a quasi-natural experiment.On the basis of the macro data set of A-share listed companies and cities in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2009 to 2019,it uses the double difference method to evaluate the enabling effect of the construction of the big data comprehensive pilot zone on the digital transformation of enterprises,and constructs the action channels of the big data comprehensive pilot area from three levels:digital infrastructure,industrial agglomeration and government support to affect the digital transformation of enterprises.The research found that the construction of the big data comprehensive pilot zone can effectively enable enterprises' digital transformation,and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests.The big data comprehensive pilot zone can have a positive impact on the digital transformation of enterprises independently of other policies,but it is not the only policy to promote the digital transformation of enterprises.Other policies such as Broadband China also have the driving effect of digital transformation,which explains how China's unique system affects the digital transformation of enterprises to a certain extent.Furthermore with the benign interaction between the government and the effective market in China,the construction of the big data comprehensive pilot zone can promote the digital transformation of enterprises through three ways:infrastructure enabling effect,industry boosting effect and government support effect,which means that China's digital process requires the coordinated development and mutual assistance of the government and enterprises.Lastly from the perspective of heterogeneity,it is found that the impact of the big data comprehensive pilot zone on the digital transformation of enterprises is significantly different depending on the nature of property rights,innovation attributes,regional characteristics and government work efficiency,which provides empirical evidence rooted in China's local logic for a full analysis of the digital enabling effect of the big data comprehensive pilot zone.