企业基础研究同群效应及其社会参照影响研究

Peer Effect of Enterprise Fundamental Research and Its Social Reference Situation

同群企业具有共性技术难题和相似的技术前景,因而在开放式创新背景下,企业可能关注同群企业的基础研究并表现出一定的社会性。选取医药、化学、通讯3个基础研究密集行业作为研究对象,采用负二项回归与分组回归方法对基础研究的同群效应以及社会参照因素的影响效应进行检验。结果表明:同群企业基础研究强度正向影响焦点企业,即行业内基础研究存在同群效应。社会参照情境能够影响焦点企业同群行为响应,其中,企业自身所处市场地位对基础研究同群效应具有抑制作用,而政府研发补助会强化上述同群效应。进一步地,企业社会参照情境存在优先级差异,相较于市场相对地位,政府研发补助的优先级更高。最后,揭示该同群效应源自企业间的简单模仿且倾向于向更高水平看齐。结论可丰富基于同群效应视角的基础研究激励理论,并为补助政策的精准落实提供科学依据。

In the era of open innovation,fundamental research is related to the source of innovation and it is the key to overcome the common technical problems of related industries and get out of the low-end locking dilemma.However,the values and risks of fundamental research are not well-recognized,which makes the market-oriented enterprises lack motivation.The social interaction theory points out that in order to avoid uneconomically independent decision-making due to similar market conditions and policy impacts,enterprises have the motivation of imitation learning,and are willing to consciously pay attention to and follow other organizations with similar characteristics to conduct group behaviors.Therefore against the backdrop of open innovation,enterprises may pay attention to the fundamental research activities of the peer effect of industry and show certain sociality.Drawing on the dynamic competition theory,this paper analyzes the existence of the peer effect of enterprise fundamental research by selecting three industries with intensive fundamental research,i.e.medicine,chemistry and communication as the research objects.On this basis,the social reference scenario is included in the research framework to investigate the complex performance of the peer effect of the fundamental research of the focal enterprises under the joint influence of the relative market position and the government RD subsidy.Finally,the interaction logic and interaction trend of the peer effect in fundamental research are further explored.The results show that in the context of open innovation,with the complex competition and cooperation relationship in the RD process,the enhancement of the fundamental research intensity of the peer of enterprises can make the focal enterprises improve the fundamental research intensity,that is,the fundamental research has the peer effect.On this basis,the influence of social reference situation on this process is investigated,and it is found that the peer effect of fundamental research is more significant in the market subordinate enterprises,while the level of RD subsidies given by the government promotes the peer tendency of the focal enterprises.Further research finds that there is a substitution relationship between enterprises' reference situations.Specifically,the impact of government RD subsidies on the peer effect should take precedence over the relative market position.Finally,the expansibility analysis results reveal that the peer effect of fundamental research mainly comes from simple imitation among enterprises,and there is a catch-up effect.The enlightenment of this paper to the management of enterprises is that enterprises should regard the fundamental research activities of the same industry group both as the opportunities and threats,and actively take advantage of them.By building a benign innovation linkage relationship,enterprises can keep improving the network position to obtain the resources and information of the peers timely and accurately,shorten the fundamental research cycle and improve the fundamental research ability.This paper also provides some enlightenments for the incentive system design.Firstly,the relevant government departments should encourage the fundamental research of enterprises at the individual level,and build a collaborative system of fundamental research of the industry at the industry level to help the focal enterprises understand the fundamental research level of the peer of enterprises in a more timely manner,stimulate the competitive awareness and innovation intention of enterprises,and finally cultivate a benign and efficient industry competition environment.Secondly,while providing continuous RD subsidies,the government should clarify the priority of incentives and improve the efficiency of the innovation system,give priority to establishing diversified and long-term RD subsidies for market leading enterprises,and give play to the leading role of leading enterprises to improve the allocation efficiency of public resources.Finally,the government should play the role of regulator and activate the social multiplier effect of fundamental research.The peer effect of existing fundamental research is mainly the result of enterprise imitation,and thus the government should continue to create a good competitive atmosphere for the development of key common technologies in the industry,strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and actively cultivate a benign and efficient RD environment,so that enterprises can acknowledge the significance of fundamental research to their long-term strategy.