区域科技体制改革政策演变的省级比较研究

A Provincial Comparative Study on the Evolution of Regional Science and Technology System Reform Policies

区域科技体制改革具有独特的演变规律和特征,对比研究省级科技体制改革规律对推动区域创新协调发展具有重要意义。选取广东、河南、陕西3个东中西部典型省份,以其2006-2020年科技体制改革政策作为样本,采用社会网络分析、扎根理论等方法,探索并比较区域科技体制改革政策演变特征。研究发现,科技体制改革政策的发文规模逐渐扩大、约束力逐渐增强,多部门联合制定发文将成为未来科技体制改革政策发展的必然趋势;区域科技体制改革各有侧重,广东省对金融市场的重视程度较高,河南省聚焦于知识产权保护与知识积累,陕西省对科研院所改革极为重视并已探索出可复制的院所转型成熟模式,但三省都对体制机制的关注较少。最后,提出优化区域科技体制改革的对策建议。

Since the reform and opening up,China's science and technology has developed rapidly,and what behind the great achievements are inseparable from the continuous adjustment of the scientific and technological system.However,there are still serious problems in China that regional development is uneven and the overall effectiveness of the innovation system is not high;therefore it is essential to further enhance the advancedness,applicability and cohesion of the scientific and technological system and institutions and policies in the face of a new round of industrial change and scientific and technological revolution.However,few scholars have focused on the regional comparisons of scientific and technological system reform.The reform of the regional scientific and technological system has its own unique evolution laws and characteristics,and it is worthy of study so as to promote the coordinated development of regional innovation.This paper selects the policies of the reform of the science and technology system in Guangdong,Henan and Shaanxi provinces from 2006 to 2020 as samples.First of all,from the three aspects of policy quantity,document issuer and policy formulation body cooperation,the study explores the laws of the evolution of provincial science and technology system reform policy.Secondly,the core elements of the reform of the scientific and technological system are extracted based on the grounded theory,namely,the subject reform,resource allocation,institutional mechanism and environmental construction.Finally,on the basis of the reference point statistics of the scientific and technological system reform policies at various stages of each province,the focuses of the provincial scientific and technological system reform policies are compared and analyzed,and policy suggestions are provided for future regional scientific and technological system reform.The study finds that the scale of issuance of documents on the reform of the scientific and technological system has gradually been expanded and the binding force has been increased accordingly,and the joint formulation and issuance of documents by multiple departments will become an inevitable trend in the development of the policy of scientific and technological system reform in the future.Regional scientific and technological system reform has its own focus.Guangdong Province attaches great importance to financial markets,Henan Province focuses on intellectual property protection and knowledge accumulation,Shaanxi Province attaches great importance to the reform of scientific research institutes and has explored a replicable mature model for the transformation of institutes,but the three provinces have paid less attention to institutional mechanisms.Under the leadership of the central government and under the guidance and constraints of the basic "superior law",local governments have potential "discretionary space".Finally,in view of the research conclusions,this paper puts forward three countermeasures to optimize the reform of the regional scientific and technological system,such as handling the relationship between the central and local governments,paying attention to the excavation and integration of regional core competitiveness and promoting the balanced development of government reform in all aspects.The innovations of this paper are that it first defines the concept of scientific and technological system reform policy and broadens the scope of policy research;second,the scientific and technological system reform policies of Guangdong,Henan and Shaanxi provinces are systematically sorted out so that the core elements of the scientific and technological system reform are explored,and the proportion of reference points is used for regional comparative research.By summarizing the policy evolution characteristics and reform experience of the three provinces and analyzing the differences in the reform of the scientific and technological system in the three provinces,the study helps to deepen the reform of the local scientific and technological system and enhance the scientific and technological innovation capabilities of the province,and provides reform experience for other provinces in the eastern,central and western regions,and ultimately helps to promote the coordinated development of regional innovation.