脂肪干细胞来源外泌体的骨组织工程研究进展

Research progress in bone tissue engineering of exosomes derived from adipose stem cells

骨组织工程是一种通过生物材料和细胞等手段来修复骨缺损的方法。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,脂肪干细胞来源外泌体在骨组织工程方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章对脂肪干细胞来源外泌体在骨组织工程方面的研究进展进行综述,发现脂肪干细胞来源外泌体促进骨再生的机制主要有以下四种:一是通过抑制低氧缺血环境诱导的骨细胞凋亡,进而促进骨再生;二是通过调控与成骨相关的信号通路,促进间充质干细胞的增殖与迁移,进而促进骨再生;三是通过调整细胞因子表达等方式对脂肪干细胞进行预处理,进而促进骨再生;四是通过调控抗炎因子表达和自噬细胞极化等方式,促进软骨修复。这些机制为脂肪干细胞来源外泌体在骨组织工程方面的应用提供了理论基础。在治疗方法方面,相较于传统的注射法,使用丝素/壳聚糖、水凝胶或金属有机框架等组织工程支架负载外泌体,对骨缺损部位进行治疗,可将外泌体与支架进行良好结合,充分发挥外泌体的治疗效果,具有促进骨再生、治疗骨缺损的潜力。综上所述,脂肪干细胞来源外泌体在骨组织工程方面的研究取得了显著进展,其机制和治疗方法的不断完善,为其在骨组织修复领域的广泛应用提供了坚实的基础。

Bone tissue engineering is a method to repair bone defects by means of biological materials and cells.In recent years,more and more studies have shown that exosomes derived from adipose stem cells have broad application prospects in bone tissue engineering.This article reviews the research progress of exosomes derived from fat stem cells in bone tissue engineering.It is found that exosomes derived from fat stem cells promote bone regeneration through the following four mechanisms:Firstly,it promotes bone regeneration by inhibiting osteocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia ischemia environment;Secondly,it promotes the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the signaling pathways related to osteogenesis,thus promoting bone regeneration;Thirdly,it preprocesses fat stem cells by adjusting the expression of cytokines,so as to promote bone regeneration;Fourthly,it promotes cartilage repair by regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and the polarization of autophagy.These mechanisms provide a theoretical basis for the application of adipose-derived exosomes in bone tissue engineering.In terms of treatment methods,compared with traditional injection methods,exosomes supported by tissue engineering scaffolds such as silk fibroin/chitosan,hydrogel or metal-organic framework can be used to treat bone defects.Exosomes can be well combined with scaffolds to give full play to the therapeutic effect of exosomes,which has the potential to promote bone regeneration and treat bone defects.In summary,the research of adipocytes derived from exosomes in bone tissue engineering has made remarkable progress,and the continuous improvement of their mechanisms and therapeutic methods has provided a solid foundation for their extensive application in the field of bone tissue repair.