心理疾病、文化批评与文学叙事——现代性背景下创伤研究的三个跨学科维度

Psychological illness,cultural criticism and literary narrative:three interdisciplinary dimensions of trauma studies in the context of modernity

现代创伤研究主要集中在心理学、文化学与文学三个学科领域。心理学维度的创伤研究主要研究创伤性事件与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)之间的因果关系,其目的在于从生物上发现、诊断、治愈个体病症。而文化维度的创伤研究主要研究现代性历程中未被揭示的创伤文化结构,其目的在于从历史上揭示现代社会深层的欲望机制,批判现代性与全球化的负面问题。文学维度的创伤研究主要研究创伤在个体与社会两个层次上的感性表述,其目的在于从叙事学上厘定创伤可言说与不可言说的边界,超越现代性的创伤。这三个维度互相影响,互相补足,构成了创伤研究的基本人文学科结构。跨学科地考察创伤研究,是后疫情时代揭示疾病与人、社会关系的有效路径。

Modern trauma research focuses on three disciplinary areas:psychology,culture,and literature.The psychological dimension of trauma research focuses on the causal relationship between traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),with the aim of biologically discovering,diagnosing,and healing individual disorders.And the cultural dimension of trauma research mainly studies the unrevealed cultural structure of trauma in the course of modernity,and its purpose is to historically reveal the deep-seated mechanism of desire in modern societies,and to critique the negative problems of modernity and globalization.The literary dimension of trauma research mainly studies the perceptual representation of trauma at the individual and social levels,with the aim of defining the boundaries from narratology between the articulable and the ineffable of trauma and transcending the trauma of modernity.These three dimensions influence and complement each other,constituting the basic humanities structure of trauma studies.Examining trauma studies across disciplines is an effective path for revealing the relationship between disease and people and society in the post-epidemic era.