基于《广州大典》五种卫生典籍的清末广州卫生行政管理研究

The Health Administration in Guangzhou in the Late Qing Dynasty Based on Five Kinds of Hygiene Classics in Guangzhou Encyclopedia

清末广州传染病频繁与西方卫生学的传入,客观上促成了广州卫生行政管理思想的形成与“家-乡-国-全球”卫生观的产生。近代卫生行政管理思想是西学东渐与近代广州社会实际相结合的产物,其主要内容有强调政府在卫生防疫事业的主导地位,主张设立国家层面的卫生管理机构,完善卫生防疫制度,突出卫生行政执法的作用。清末广州卫生行政管理思想推动了“卫生”由注重个人修养以延年益寿到发挥国家职能实现种族康强的内涵延伸。

In the late Qing Dynasty,infectious diseases occurred frequently in Guangzhou region,meanwhile Western hygiene knowledge was introduced here,which contributed to the formation of health administration thoughts and the emergence of the hygiene concept of“family-town-nation-the world”.The thoughts of modern health administration was the product of the combination of the eastward transmission of Western learning and social conditions in Guangzhou.Its main contents included emphasizing the leading position of the government in health management and epidemic prevention,advocating the establishment of national health administration agency,improving the health and epidemic prevention system,and highlighting the role of health law enforcement.During this period,the thoughts of modern health administration that proposed by Guangzhou hygienists promoted the connotation extension of“health”from paying attention to personal cultivation to prolonging life,to giving full play to national functions and realizing strong ethnic health.