湛江市社区中老年慢性病共病现状调查及其影响因素分析

Curruent Situation Investigation and Influencing Factors Analysis of Chronic Disease Comorbidity of Middle-Aged and Elderly in Zhanjiang Community

目的为了解湛江市社区中老年人慢性病共病现况,探究其影响因素,为共病防控提供参考依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,选取2020年5月-2022年4月在湛江市赤坎区寸金街道社区卫生服务中心和湛江市霞山区建设街道社区卫生服务中心165个居民为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查,最终回收有效问卷162份。结果慢性病患病率为80.85%,老年人慢性病共病患病率为61.1%。99例慢性病共病患者中慢性病共病模式以二元和三元慢性病共病组合为主,占43.21%。采用多重线性逐步回归法分析相关指标与慢性病共病数量的关系,结果提示腰围、自己对健康的关注度、饮食习惯与慢性病共病数量存在联系。结论湛江社区中老年人存在一定慢性病共病现象,共病主要危险因素为腰围过大、不良饮食习惯及自己对健康偏低的关注度。需加强中老年人共病防控意识,积极开展健康教育,养成良好饮食习惯,降低慢性病共病发生的可能性。

Objective To understand current situation of chronic disease comorbidity of middle-aged and elderly in Zhanjiang community,explore its influencing factors and provide reference for prevention and control of comorbidity.Methods The paper chose 165 residents in Cunjin Street Community Health Service Center and Jianshe Street Community Health Service Center in Chikan District and Xiashan District,Zhanjiang from May 2020 to April 2022 as study subjects with cross-sectional study,collected 162 valid questionnaires for statistical analysis with spss based on survey.Measurement data of normal distribution were expressed with mean±standard deviation and counting data were expressed with relative number.Influencing factors of chronic comorbidity were explored with multiple linear stepwise regression.P<0.05 showed statistically significant difference.Results Prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 80.86%,prevalence of chronic comorbidities of the elderly was 61.11%.Among 99 cases of chronic disease comorbidities,25.31%,17.90%,10.49%and 7.4%of patients suffered from 2,3,4,5 and more chronic diseases at the same time.Comorbidities of the elderly were mainly binary and ternary chronic disease comorbidities,accounting for 43.21%.Relationship between related indicators and number of chronic disease comorbidity was analyzed with multiple linear stepwise regression method.Results There was relationship between waist circumference,self concern for health,diet habits and number of chronic disease comorbidity.Conclusion There is some certain phenomenon of chronic disease comorbidities among middle-aged and elderly in Zhanjiang community,main risk factors for comorbidities are excessive waist circumference,poor dietary habits and low attention to health.It is necessary to strengthen awareness of comorbidity prevention and control among middle-aged and elderly,carry out health education,cultivate good dietary habits and reduce possibility of chronic comorbidity actively.