精一创业领导力对隐形冠军绩效的影响研究——一个有调节的中介模型

Research on the impact of niche entrepreneurial leadership on hidden champion enterprise performance:A regulated intermediary model

逆全球化背景下,我国如何培育更多隐形冠军来扭转关键技术受制于人的局面并实现经济高质量发展已然成为实践界与学术界共同关注的焦点。本文从创业领导力视角出发,结合“精一”发展理念,提出“精一创业领导力”概念,认为其是隐形冠军创业成功的关键要素。通过构建一个有调节的中介模型,并基于257份问卷调查数据,运用回归分析和Bootstrap法进行假设检验,通过数据分组进行稳健性检验,实证检验了精一创业领导力对隐形冠军企业绩效的影响机制。研究结果表明:精一创业领导力有助于开发细分市场机会,帮助企业在细分领域获得竞争优势并提升隐形冠军企业绩效;精一创业领导力引导企业聚焦于细分市场并专注在细分技术领域探索,有助于制定和实施专业化战略,通过资源集聚形成企业核心竞争能力,从而提升企业绩效;探索式学习能力对精一创业领导力与企业绩效间关系以及专业化战略与企业绩效间关系起调节作用,而利用式学习能力则不起调节作用。研究不仅从理论上揭示隐形冠军精一创业领导力提升企业绩效的有效路径,还有助于从实践中指导双循环背景下隐形冠军企业的培育与成长。

The hidden champion enterprises always focus on key technology fields and obtain a high share in the international market.They are absolute leaders in the market segments and play an important role in global economic development and scientific and technological progress.Under the background of anti-globalization,how to cultivate more hidden champion enterprises to reverse the situation that key technologies are controlled by others and achieve high-quality economic development has become the focus of both practical and academic circles.From the perspective of leadership,combined with the concept of“niche”of hidden champions,this paper put forward the concept of“niche entrepreneurial leadership”,which is considered to be the key factor for the success of hidden champions.Based on the strategic choice theory and dynamic capability theory,this paper constructed a regulated intermediary model to explore the impact mechanism of niche entrepreneurial leadership on the performance of hidden champion enterprises,and further used the data of 257 hidden champion enterprises for empirical research.The study results showed that:Niche entrepreneurial leadership has a positive impact on the performance of hidden champions;specialization strategy plays an intermediary role in the mechanism of niche entrepreneurial leadership on the performance of hidden champion enterprises;and explorative learning ability has a positive impact on the relationship between niche entrepreneurial leadership and enterprise performance and the relationship between specialization strategy and hidden champion enterprise performance,while exploitive learning ability does not play a regulatory role.The theoretical contributions of the study are as follows:firstly,previous studies have shown that entrepreneurial leadership has an important impact on enterprise performance,but most studies are carried out at the team level,which does not open the black box between entrepreneurial leadership and performance from the organizational level.This paper first puts forward the connotation and influence mechanism of niche entrepreneurial leadership.The research conclusions not only enrich the relevant leadership research,but also provide a powerful explanation for the development of hidden champion enterprises in an increasingly turbulent environment.Secondly,although studies have shown that entrepreneurial leadership has an important impact on enterprise strategic choice,and strategic choice is a key factor affecting enterprise performance,few scholars have explored whether the above research conclusions are applicable to hidden champion enterprises.This paper first reveals the intermediary role of specialization strategy between niche entrepreneurial leadership and hidden champion enterprise performance,which not only provides an explanation way for the formation and implementation of special entrepreneurial strategies of enterprises such as hidden champions,but also expands the strategic management theory.Thirdly,in response to the call of Li Ping,this paper took into account both business deepening and application expansion when studying hidden champion enterprises,in which the expansion of application scenarios depended on ambidextrous learning ability.On the one hand,in response to the call of Wiklund and Shepherd on the discussion of multi-regulatory mechanism,this paper explored the boundary conditions for the role of niche entrepreneurial leadership of hidden champion enterprises,and comprehensively explained the entrepreneurial success mechanism of hidden champion enterprises.On the other hand,from the perspective of learning,it enriched and improved the research related to organizational learning.The management implications of this paper are as follows:First,the leadership directly affects the execution of organizational shared vision,employees’enthusiasm and efficiency and so on.Therefore,giving full play to the role of niche entrepreneurial leadership is the top priority for hidden champion leaders.Second,in the era of digital economy,many enterprises have opened up new businesses and cross-border new fields in pursuit of the benefits of the times.The leaders of hidden champion enterprises should stick to their original intention,unswervingly implement specialization strategy,and adhere to the best of what they are best at,so as to become an irreplaceable existence in the global supply chain.Third,inspire hidden champion managers to cultivate and improve exploratory learning ability.Leaders can speed up the efficiency of internal knowledge circulation by improving the education level of employees,adjusting organizational structure and applying digital technology,encourage the application of new knowledge within the team,help the implementation of specialization strategy,improve the survival ability of enterprises in turbulent environment and help the rapid growth of enterprises.