拜登政府的“清洁能源革命”与关键矿物的地缘政治

The Biden Administration's Clean Energy Revolution and the Geopolitics of Critical Minerals

在积极推进“清洁能源革命”的大背景下,对能源转型有重要意义的关键矿物引起了拜登政府的重视。目前,拜登政府已形成了一整套有关关键矿物的战略安排。对内,促进开发,重建矿物加工能力,推动关键矿物的循环利用与技术创新,为关键矿物相关产业提供信息与制度支持;对外,同作为关键产区的国家和地区开展合作,积极利用现有工具推进关键矿物的国际合作,打造“关键矿物俱乐部”,积极制定关键矿物行业标准,排挤中国在供应链内的生存空间。拜登政府此举必然会产生一系列地缘政治影响。地缘政治的热点地区可能会转移,关键国家和地区的政治稳定会受到影响,关键矿物的全球治理会愈发复杂,美国对华竞争边界将被拓展。为此,中国应该出台相应措施以应对当前国际能源转型。国内层面要促进产业可持续发展与技术创新,增强本土供应能力;在国际层面积极发挥优势,提升在供应链中的价值,同关键行为体发展良好关系,积极争夺关键矿物相关产业的定价权与标准制定权,促使其回归关键矿物本身及其全球治理的正确轨道上来。

In the context of actively promoting the clean energy revolution,the critical minerals are important to the energy transition and they thus have attracted the attention of the Biden administration.The Biden administration has developed a set of strategic arrangements for critical minerals.Internally,it promotes development,rebuilds mineral processing capacity,promotes recycling and technological innovation of critical minerals,and provides information and institutional support for critical mineral⁃related industries.Externally,it cooperates with key producers,actively uses existing tools to promote international cooperation on critical minerals,builds a critical mineral club,and actively formulates industry standards for critical min⁃erals to exclude China's living space in the supply chain.The Biden administration's move is bound to have a series of geopolitical implications.This may shift geopolitical politics,affect the political stability of key countries and regions,make the global governance of critical minerals more complex,and expand the boundaries of US competition with China.To this end,China should also introduce corresponding measures.At the domestic level,it is necessary to promote the sustainable development of industry and technological innovation,and strengthen the local supply capacity.At the international level,it is important to actively exert its advantages,enhance its value in the supply chain,develop good relations with key actors,and actively compete for the pricing power and standard⁃setting rights of critical minerals related to industries,and ultimately focus on the nature and global governance of critical minerals.