中国湿地保护修复管理经验与未来研究趋势

Experience and future research trends of wetland protection and restoration in China

湿地是人类重要的自然资源,在陆地生态系统中发挥着不可替代的生态功能。为遏制全球湿地继续丧失,国际组织和许多国家都采取了一系列重大保护修复举措。本文梳理了国际组织和部分国家湿地保护修复举措,全面诠释了中国湿地保护修复管理经验,提出湿地资源未来研究需要从国际前沿与国家战略、社会经济与智慧服务等层面展开。结果显示:①1997—2023年27个国际湿地日为当年的湿地保护与管理提供新目标和新任务,1980—2022年14届国际《湿地公约》大会重要议题和成果为未来一段时期湿地发展提供新方向和新挑战。2023—2035年应该提升湿地生态功能,推动湿地可持续发展,攻克脆弱湿地生态系统生态修复技术瓶颈。②1992—2022年是中国全面开启保护湿地修复新阶段,总体形成了“国家战略部署—法律政策建立—工程规划实施”具有中国特色的湿地保护修复经验,强调要从国家法律层面规定和编制对湿地长期保护的规划,创新修复治理技术和应用体系,多部门协同分工,有效解决湿地保护修复的复杂问题。③湿地未来趋势研究应该面向“联合国可持续发展目标和多个国际公约”促进湿地可持续发展的探索实践,面向“国家战略需求和地方社会经济高质量发展”促进湿地保护修复管理服务,面向“学科发展—全域监管—综合评估—智慧决策”的交叉融合和学术创新发展研究。

Wetland is an important natural resource for human beings and plays an irreplaceable ecological function in the terrestrial ecosystem.In order to curb the continued loss of wetlands around the world,international organizations and many countries have taken a series of major protection and restoration measures.This paper reviews the wetland protection and restoration measures of international organizations and some countries,comprehensively interprets China's wetland protection and restoration management experience,and proposes that future research on wetland resources should be carried out from the aspects of international frontier and national strategy,social economy and intelligent services.The results show that:(1)The 27 International Wetlands Day from 1997 to 2023 provide new goals and tasks for the protection and management of wetlands in corresponding years.The important topics and outcomes of the 14 International Convention on Wetlands Conferences from 1980 to 2022 provide new directions and new challenges for wetland development in the coming period.In the future,we should enhance ecological functions of wetlands,promote the sustainable development of wetlands,and overcome the technical bottleneck of ecological restoration of fragile wetland ecosystems from 2020 to 2035.(2)During the 30-year period from 1992 to 2022,China embarked on a new phase of wetland protection and restoration.The overall experience of wetland protection and restoration with Chinese characteristics has been formed through"national strategic deployment-legal policy establishment-project planning and implementation".Emphasis was placed on the need to provide for and prepare planning for the long-term protection of wetlands at the national legal level,to innovate restoration and management techniques and application systems,and to effectively address the complex issues of wetland protection and restoration through collaborative division of labor among multiple departments.(3)The research on the future trend of wetlands should be directed towards the exploration and practice of"United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and several international conventions"in support of the sustainable development of wetlands.Wetland protection,restoration and management services should be promoted for"national strategic needs and local social and economic high-quality development".Research on the crossintegration and academic innovation development also should be enhanced for"disciplinary development-global supervision-comprehensive assessment-intelligent decision-making".